Othello

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Shakespeare's Othello is a controversial play which depicts and addresses the issue of miscegenation. Race and racism play an intricate part in the plot of the play. Othello's race is significant in the play and provides the basis for his own insecurities, Iago's villainous acts, and his dishonorable downfall.

Shakespeare's audience of the early seventeenth century held the stereotypical assumption of African-Americans as savages.(Little 05) This discriminatory assumption also comes into play in Othello's ending rage as it is described by Iago he foams at mouth, and by and by, breaks out to savage madness(IV i 61-6). Yet, it is Othello's own insecurities which are his greatest flaw.(Berry 18) Othello prides himself on his achievements for his social status.(Slights 7) He gives no account for his position to his origin.(Slights 7) Even Desdemona's affection for him, he believes, can only stem from his grand accomplishments.(Little 06)

In his defense against Brabantio of the use of black magic to seduce his daughter causing her, in spite of nature, of years, of country, credit, everything, to fall in love with what she feared to look on, (I iii 107-10) Othello proclaims, From year to year, the battle, sieges, fortune the I have passed. Of hairbreadth scapes i' th' imminent deadly breach, of being taken by the insolent foe… These things to hear would Desdemona seriously incline(I iii 144-45,50-51,5-60), (Slights 8). In this declaration Othello gives no mention of his appearance or how he romantically lures Desdemona, yet it is only his adventures which he refers to as the object of her affection.

Iago in persuading Othello of the affair between Desdemona and Cassio uses the racial distinction by pointing out to Othello Not to affect many proposed matches, of her own clime, complexion, and degree, whereto we see in all things nature tends…Her recoiling to her better judgment, may fall to match you with her country forms, and happily repent(III iii 5-61,66-68). Iago feeds upon the infant insecurities within Othello to invoke his rage.(Berry 1)(Little 14)

Othello's insecurities eventually lead to his demise. His doubt within himself causes him to doubt Desdemona and her love for him.(Berry 15) Othello uses his heritage as his scapegoat for his belief in being poor spoken and revolting, as he states, My name, that was as fresh as Dian's visage, is now begrimed and black as mine own face(III iii 47-), (Little 08).

As Othello falls deeper into his rage he is viewed as reverting back to his native savagery.(Berry 16) Just as Brabantio accused him of black witchcraft and devilry such accusations seemed to materialize in Othello's horrific change(Berry 17), when he reveals to Desdemona, That handkerchief, did an Egyptian to my mother give. She was a charmer, and could almost read the thoughts of people. There's magic in the web of it(III iv 57-60,7). Iago continues to feed the fire commenting on Othello's vicious actions, I have seen the cannon when it hath blown his ranks into the air and, like the devil, from his very arm puffed his own brother(III iv 14-45).

Othello allows himself to be engulfed by the green-eyed monster and abandons his human characteristics to reinstate his animal instincts(Slights 87), as he tells Iago he is, a horned man a monster and a beast(IV i 70). Othello begins to reveal his distrust in Venice and the discrimination against him as a foreigner.(Berry 1) He places his anguish against Venice onto Desdemona, But, alas, to make me the fixed figure for the time of scorn. I took you for that cunning whore of Venice that married with Othello(IV ii 61-6,100-01). Othello is now acting out of survival instincts. He desperately is trying to preserve his image and reputation, which he feels Desdemona has tarnished in her act of infidelity.(Slights 86) With his wrath inevitable his primal instincts are in complete control and his downfall unavoidable. From this point on Othello is blind to any truth of his wife's innocence and only seeks justice against this discriminatory act.

Othello moves about in a trance state. His only focus now is on those he must avenge. As he is about to commit his crimes he feels no doubt or remorse. Truly the savagery believed of him is evident in full effect.(Berry 16) After smothering Desdemona to death he states, I that am cruel am yet merciful; Methinks it should be now a huge eclipse of sun and moon(V ii 104,18-1).

As Emilia lies on her deathbed she unveils the truth to Othello, Moor, she was chaste. She loved thee, cruel Moor(V ii 0), (Berry 0).

As Othello accepts the truth of her words he condemns himself to the fate believed worthy of a black man, O cursed, cursed slave! Whip me, ye devils, roast me in sulfur(V ii 1,1), (Slights 8). Still, as he condemns himself he is assured that his acts are not of vicious savagery, but of honor. Othello is determined to die an honorable death despite his hysterical actions.(Slights 86) An honorable murderer, if you will; For naught I did in hate, but all in honor(V ii 7-8). Before Othello kills himself he reveals his faults, Nothing extenuate, nor set down aught in malice. Then you must speak of one that loved not wisely, but too well; of one not easily jealous, but, being wrought, perplexed in the extreme(V ii 0-4).

Othello, as the protagonist, falls prey to his own faults. Due to his cultural insecurities he allowed himself to be manipulated and deceived.(Little 10) As a foreigner Othello endured discrimination for his appearance.(Slights 84) Yet, in the beginning Othello's pride eluded him of such hate against him.(Slights 8) Othello entrusted his social status upon his achievements and accomplishments. But when the possibility is presented to him that his differences could be reason for his only love to abandon him he forgets his pride. Othello gives in to the stereotype of the Venetian's against him and becomes the villain. Lodovico states of Othello's savagery, O thou Othello that was once so good, Fall'n in the practice of a cursed slave(V ii -4).

Othello's color eludes him in the beginning of the plot as he is only focused on his ability and social status. When Brabantio addresses his cultural difference Othello eloquently subdues him with his magnificent description of his adventures, proclaiming that even he does not believe his appearance is the cause of Desdemona's love. Othello never addresses the accusations of devilry, witchcraft, or savagery. It is only when he has lost his senses that he gives blame to the color of his skin.(Berry )(Little 08) Othello greatly emphasizes on his deeds which displays his own discomfort with himself.(Little 0)

Othello only speaks of his performance and finances, and aspires to improve his eloquence. Othello seems to attempt to avoid all approaches about his race.(Berry 1) To Othello his race appears to be a set-back.(Berry ) It is Othello himself who allows this inner disdain to prompt his destruction.

As Iago labors to inflame Othello's jealousy he plays upon his most vulnerable flaw, his race.(Slights 86) Othello not steadfast within himself about his origin falls directly into Iago's trap.(Berry 1) He accepts the fact that as a black man he is not good enough for Desdemona. As he initially believed that only his adventures captured her, he believed his appearance could not contain her. Othello is sure that physically Desdemona would prefer a man of her own race, which without proof allows him to believe the deceitful words of Iago.(Berry 1)

The more Othello submits to his fury the more he begins to embody the stereotype that Brabantio initially labels him.(Berry 16) He savagely slaps Desdemona, and without remorse kills her. He looses his human nature and reverts to animal instincts, as he calls himself a horned-man, monster, and a beast(IV i 70). It is by his own hand that Othello is dishonorable destroyed. In the end Othello is believed the villain and vicious savage, when he was only a victim of his own flaws.(Berry 18) Still, this is a common factor of Shakespeare's protagonist, that one is flawed in some inherent way.

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KFC

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INTRODUCTION

Colonel Harland Sanders founded Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in 1, which first gave the world a taste of his most famous creation, Original Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken, featuring that secret blend of 11 herbs and spices. Since that time, millions of people around the world over have come to love his one of a kind chicken finger licking good, home-style side dishes and hot and fresh biscuits.1

Chronological overview of KFC's management team

15KFC started it franchisees.

164Sold to Jack Masssey & John Yong Brown Jr. for S$ million.

171Acquired by Heublein, Inc. for $85 million.

18R.J. Reynolds Industries, Inc. acquired Heublein and merged it into a wholly owned subsidiary.

186PepsiCo acquired KFC for approximately $840 million.

Today, KFC was the world's largest chicken restaurant chain and third largest fast-food chain in 000. KFC had a 55 percent share of the chicken segment of the U.S. fast-food (based on sales revenues) and operated more than 10,800 restaurants in 85 countries. KFC's early international strategy was to grow its company and franchise restaurant base throughout the world.

With growing competitive rivalry among the leading fast-food chains, KFC under the management of Tricon Global Restaurants face greater challenge to compete with other big player to launch into new market especially in Latin America and North Africa. Leads to changes to strategic growth of KFC to globalization and facing the environment risk and opportunities associated with the international expansion particularly looking at Mexico and Latin America.

ASSUMPTIONS

Please note that all facts given are accurate at the time of printing. Anything happen to KFC after year 000 is not considered because it falls outside the case. The financial figures provided are accurate and does not have to be proven.

SITUATION ANALYSIS

Situation analysis covers all respective area that company should consider in the competitive market includes internal and external, they are, SWOT analysis; Industry and competition analysis; Company Analysis; Stakeholder Analysis; and Macro-environmental Analysis.

SWOT Analysis

Strengths (Internal)

Colonel Sanders Logo is very well know, endorse by Governor Ruby Laffoon as Kentucky Colonel. KFC's earn it brand loyalty and strong name recognition with it proprietary secret receipt of 11 herbs and technology, quality and consistency in taste and also by providing good service and cleanliness environment for it customers'. KFC's management have achieve efficiency in operational and resources with it global experience in the international market, able to do cost sharing in global advertising which meet economy of scale, and able to diversify it group product to sell a variety of food together with Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, etc. As cash rich company its restaurant conveniently located around the world more than 10,800 restaurants in 85 countries. By year 000, KFC's has captured large market share in chicken segment at 55%.

Weakness (Internal)

Due to today life-style, deep fried food are consider unhealthy and too much substitute in market today. Lack of product innovation, as it primary product is CHICKEN only. Management pump in too much money into acquisition; some restaurants are too small and or take-out service only; there are still a number of outdated restaurants and restaurants in deteriorating locations; quality and service of product could be improved, this problems have hurt KFC's reputation in those location where service / cleanliness / quality problems exist. Employees are very diverse in relationship and sometime affect the culture. KFC's also relying on independent franchisees for expansion in many markets adds to the difficulty of maintaining consistent quality and cleanliness and otherwise striving for standardized operating from restaurant to restaurant.

Opportunities (External)

KFC's could expand its product line with one of the In today for healthy choices; its could includes roasted chicken menu items; adapt to local taste-for instance, Thai Spices, Korean Kim-che, and, burger business, likes-Japanese rice burger, Vegetarian burger, etc; Co-branding with Pizza Hut and Taco Bell provide more product choice; Expansion of the KFC all-you-can-eat buffet. Upgrade the existing restaurant's that is small; enhance cleanliness of restaurant; modify the advertisement to localize to individuals countries culture to capture consumer awareness. Expand distribution channels to malls, home delivery. Low labor cost in many foreign countries makes international expansion more attractive as KFC is well received in international market. There is great potential market in Latin America as U.S. market in the stage of maturing.

Threats (External)

Threats that KFC's face is the entry of competitors likes -Hardee's, Wendy's and McDonald's and other chains into chicken items, especially McDonald's is moving aggressively in Brazil and Mexico. Changing of diet to healthy life-style and increased in trend of vegetarian. Continued moves of consumers away from fast food to more upscale chains and dining as finance level improved. Boutique style of restaurant, example some restaurant is opening it kitchen to show how food is prepare (e.g. break talk); more upscale chicken chains (Pollo Loco, Boston Chicken); and, limited menu (given that more fast-food chains are offering chicken products) and also threats from increased competition from microwave food segment.

INDUSTRY AND COMPETITION ANALYSIS

Market size of $58 billion for the entire food service industry in 1. Market growth rate is 5.0% for fast-food; 5.4% for the total food service industry in 1; 7% for full-service, sit-down restaurants. Competitors up to 800,000 U.S. restaurants and food outlets in 1. KFC was rank number 6 contributing to annual sales amounting to $4,78 millions and 55.% in Chicken Chains segment FY1 in US fast-food restaurants. Competitors in Chicken Chain are Popeyes; Chick-fil-A, Boston Market and Church's sales turn-over still far away from KFC (Refer below charts in Figure 1 & ). KFC is dominant leader in chicken segment, with sale sof $4.4 billion in 1. Dispite it dominance, KFC was losing market share as other chicken chains inclreased sales at a faster rate, it share of chicken segment sales fell from 71% in 18 to less than 56% in 1, 1 10 year drop of 15%. Another threat KFC facing is the image of an upsce deli offering healthy, home-style alternatives to fried chicken promoting by Boston Market and Chick-fil-A taken up 17% of the market shares. Market is maturing for fast-food segment. Nevertheless, KFC's still managed to remained it customer base loyalty because of it unique taste.

The industry was segmented according to the type of food served, with 8 major segments sandwich chains, pizza chains, family restaurants, dinner houses, chicken chains, grill buffet chains, other dinner chains, and non-dinner chains. MaDonald's was rank number one accounted sales $1,006 which nominated the Sandwich Chains, follow by Burger King, Wendy's, whom is consider as KFC competitors as they do served Chicken in their menu other than competirors from Chicken Chains based.

Despite stage in life cycle for fast-food in US is maturing but competition for patrons is primarily local as consumers are normally willing to travel to fast-food outlets only within a fairly small radius of a few miles. Competitive forces is moderate to fierce when promotion start to heat up, KFC's should focus on quality and quick services with convenience location instead of Prices as they are similar with competitors. The other fact is that, there is great petential growth stage in international markets. KFC's should take the advantage of first comers/pioneer before its competitors, which provide great advantage of it brand awareness, KFC's have to be up-to-date in technological change mainly to menu innovation, product innovation, and food preparation techniques to maintain as pioneer for Chicken Segment and competing in International stage.

Source Nation's Restaurant News.Figure 1

Source Nation's Restaurant News.Figure

Source Nation's Restaurant News.Figure

Market Shares of Top U.S. Chicken Chains Based on Annual Sales, 18-

YearKFCPopeyesChick-fil-ABoston MarketChurchsTotal

1870.80%1%6.0%0%11%100%

1071.1.6.60.8100

117.711.4708.100

171.511.47.50.8.7100

168.711.488.100

1465.411.8.6.78.5100

1560.710.78.1.8.1100

1657.8.8.416.7.7100

1756.110.116.88100

1856.11.510.51.78.4100

155.61.5110.100

14- change-.80%1.0%.80%4.0%0.50%

18- change-15.0%0.50%5.80%10.0%-%

FIVE-FORCES ANALYSIS

The Five-Forces Model of CompetitionFigure 4

Rivalry among the various fast-food chains

A strong competitive force rivalry among the leading fast-food chains is the strongest of the five forces due to market maturity and a slowdown in industry growth rates, the high market visibility of the 50 or so largest fast-food chains, and the fact that, except for industry leader McDonald's, the major players in the industry are relatively similar in size and resources. If price wall will to start among the big player, it could result in shake-out of the weak and less efficient restaurants. Plus, many are choosing to pursue expansion into many of the same foreign markets with relatively similar strategies. The weapons of competition are price, quality, menu attractiveness and appeal, location, dining atmosphere and cleanliness, advertising and promotion (including celebrity endorsements in some instances), and brand name recognition. Rivalry is strong for several reasons Slowing industry sales growth; there's intense jockeying for sales and market share among existing chains, fresh competitive moves are made frequently by one or more players in order to gain business at the expense of their rivals; high first mover rewards (e.g., McDonald's created brand awareness for its chicken sandwich by introducing its sandwich before KFC); low customer switching costs increase pressure on chains to attract customers through advertising, new product offerings, and price discounts.

Substitutes

There are numerous substitutes for fast-food and for the fast-food offerings of the chicken chains, examples - Side walk caf, eating house; family restaurants, and other quick-serve food establishments with other menu concepts (fish and seafood, Mexican dishes, pasta dishes, sandwiches, Japanese, Chinese, Thai, Vietnam); Pizza outlets and home delivery; Microwaveable products sold at supermarkets that can be easily prepared at home; Supermarket delis; Full-service, formal restaurants; and Homemade meals. Despite some non-chicken chains fast-food subsitutes are not selling wholly chicken items like KFC, it is still considered as substitutes or rivals from KFC's perspective, but not as direct competitor. With many chains now offering products that are traditionally offered by fast-food chains in other menu segments, the competitive line between the various fast-food segments is getting confused. If we analysis by business segmentation, McDonald's is one of KFC direct competitors in the international stage in the 180s and early 10s. By the late 10s, KFC became more focused and now views other chicken-on-the-bone chains (e.g., Popeyes, Chick-fil-A, and Churchs) as its primary competitors too. As these chains serve similarity as KFC and are a strong competitive force, reasons are- There are a variety of high quality, reasonably priced eating alternatives available; Numerous restaurants and other eating alternatives located near most KFC locations; Buyer switching costs are low, sometime price does not seem to be much different, thus enable customer to select.

Bargaining Power of Customers

There is moderate to weak force in terms of individual bargaining power and leverage over the terms and conditions of sale, as customers are it individual or a group lack of barggaining power over fast-food restaurants, as compare to goods likes clothes, home appliances. Nevertheless customers have their choices of which chains to patronize and how frequently to go there. From the standpoint of individuals looking for a meal away from home, there are many substitutes and almost no switching costs between competing restaurant chains. Customers tend to be price sensitive, location sensitive, relatively health conscious, and increasingly more quality conscious. Some may be more loyal to regular restaurants.

In fact, if company noticed that as a group, customer do have some bargaining power by creating pressures stemming by traffic volume if a chain/location is unable to attract a sufficient volume of traffic and sales, it must respond by improving the attractiveness of its product offering or go out of business. There can be no denying that fast-food consumers are price sensitive. As there are some much choices, promotion usually have the prio consideration, especially to family, who want to be dolloars & cents count. Fast-food consumers want convenience and are location sensitive. Grap and go, less time spend travelling from place to place; thus, any fast-food chains located near will have the prio choice in mind. Fast-food consumers are quality sensitive. Hygenec and cleaniliness of restaurants and toliet will be factors for repurchase. Fast-food consumer switching costs are low. As price of fast food and some eating-house are getting competitive or slightly more, customer sometime may consider changing of environment.

Bargaining Power of Suppliers

View as relatively weak force over Suppliers. Suppliers to the fast food industry have very little leverage and bargaining power for numerous reasons- Their customers are large and buy in bulk. Quantity discount is given. Items supplied are generally commodity items (paper products, plastic products, chicken, hamburger patties, etc. are fairly standardized items). MacDonals own potato farm to supply it own chains, eliminate middleman cost, created some impact on KFC whom demand the supply from market. Competing amount supplier as items being purchased are offered by many different suppliers and can, in many instances, be sourced from several different suppliers (based on who offers the best prices, delivery, and other terms and conditions). Purchaser switching costs tend to be fairly low in the case of many itmes obtained from suppliers.

Threat of New Entrants

A moderately strong force and growing stronger as existing chains look to new geographic markets for expansion, especially in countries where consumers may be attracted to fast-food products and there is significant growth potential for fast-food enterprises to establish new locations. Latin America's is one of them. Newcomers (especially new start-up enterprises) have several formidable entry barriers to overcome, for instance; Slowing industry growth rate domestically (especially in the U.S. where the market is pretty saturated with fast-food locations); High costs of market entry (to build outlets, recruit/train franchisees, and fund advertising/promotional efforts); Established competitors with well-known reputations and menu selections; Existing brand loyalties; and, high cost to exit, thereby increasing resistance of existing competitors to new entrants.

Despite the above barriers mentioned, there's still new entrants such as Romano's Macaroni Grill, Lone Star Steakhouse, and Outback Steakhouse. New chains crop up quite frequently, so there's some threat of entry, even in the saturated U.S. market. KFC's threat would be the likelihood that other fast-food chains would decide to add popular chicken items to their menus. There is growing threat of existing restaurant chains to enter the markets of foreign countries where they currently have little or no market presence. Hence, the threat of additional entry is a relatively strong competitive force in those country markets where fast-food opportunities present themselves, certainly there are entry threats in Latin America and Mexico. KFC's will be facing entry threats strongest from other chicken chains and from fast-food chains with other menu formats. KFC management know that it is better to be a first-mover and lead the establishment of fast-food restaurants in new countries to create strong brand awareness.

In conclusions, the global fast-food market is quite competitive, with rivalry, substitutes, and the threat of entry presenting the strongest sources of competitive pressure. Some country markets are more competitive than others, however. The U.S. fast-food market is the most competitive of all the country markets, and competition is heating up in Latin America. There may be some first-mover advantages accruing to chains which move early to establish many new restaurants in country markets where fast-food can win ready acceptance from consumers; late-movers face more of an uphill battle in getting a market foothold unless they have a differentiated product that can rapidly win consumer approval.

COMPANY ANALYSIS

Different owners have managed KFC's. Under Heublein as he had no experience in nor understanding of the fast-food restaurant business, business opportunities and economical of scale does not contribute to KFC's, thus, growth slowed, performance suffered more when he put its own management team in place at KFC's, quality control and restaurant cleanliness deteriorated for years, till Heublein finally realized it problems and stared to refocused KFC's, when it start to have some improvement, it immediately sold to R.J. Reynolds. KFC under R.J. Reyonolds was better as Reynolds left KFC management team intact and maintained a hands-off approach. Employees' was motivated and committed with company, in result, KFC experienced aggressive expansion and profitability.

KFC under PepsiCo had benefited both PepsiCo and KFC due to strong management and resources could be synergies in both marketing and distribution and to share marketing and management skills. The problems were primarily culture-based between KFC and PepsiCo and strong competition between managers.

Culture

Despite KFC have been managed by different owners, the culture of Colonel Harland Sanders had remained unchanged during the Heublein and RJR years till its' acquired by Pepsi Co's. During Sanders laid-back approached of management, it managed by more People Orientated style. Employees enjoyed good job security and stability; thus, a strong loyalty had been created among KFC employees over the years as a result of the Colonel's efforts to provide for his employees' benefits, pension, and other non-income needs. Including the southern environment in Louisville resulted in a friendly, relaxed atmosphere at KFC's corporate offices.

In contrast to Sanders style of management, PepsiCo's focus more on Performance Orientated. Top performance expected to move up through the ranks quickly. PepsiCo have also transfer it management staff into KFC to replace the existing branch managers, and rotating its best managers through the five division on average years, this practice created immense pressure on managers to demonstrate their management skills within short periods in order to maximize their potential for promotion. It makes the KFC existing managers feel that they have fewer opportunities for promotion within the company. Conflicts between KFC and PepsiCo's corporate cultures created morale problems within KFC. Another problem for PepsiCo was its poor relationship with KFC franchisees.

Opportunity

As PepsiCo's corporate strategy in the 180s and early 10s is to build the strongest food services company in the world, corporate strategic areas including -soft drinks (Pepsi-Cola), snack foods (Frito Lay), and fast-food restaurants (KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell), with also strong corporate cash flow, created one of the world's largest consumer product companies and a portfolio of some of the world's most recognizable brands. All this is possible for PepsiCo's valued added to KFC's business because of similarities and overlaps in their respective value chains.

Transfer of Management and marketing skills KFC gained accessed to PepsiCo's management expertise, as there were similarities and better performance in the markets and synergies in marketing and distribution and to share marketing and management skills. Thus, most upper level KFC managers were quickly replaced with managers from PepsiCo.

Economies of scale Since all are under the same food and beverage sectors, hence, purchasing, transportation, and warehousing (Distribution synergies) are more efficiently, effectively, and economically in resources. For instance, power to negotiate helps lower prices with it restaurant suppliers (examples -food, paper, supplies, equipment, and construction costs) have increased in terms of volume discounts.

Access to Pepsi-Cola products Pepsi-Cola was sold in all KFC restaurants, which previously have also choices of competitor product Coca-Cola. These enable sales of Pepsi products to increased and lowered overall cost of distributing its soft drinks.

Marketing and Advertisement synergies All products could be synergies in advertising budget and synchronize with promotion. Examples, KFC products were advertised alongside Pepsi-Cola products (Colonel's Chicken meals, fries, and a Pepsi for S$.); these enhance both economies of scale and KFC's image of family product. Awareness of customer is created.

Financing

PepsiCo financing was used to support restaurant construction. This was especially important for establishing company-owned restaurants, which required more capital than franchised restaurants. As a result, PepsiCo's restaurant chains absorbed nearly one-half of PepsiCo's annual capital spending during the 10s; in return, it generated less than one-third of PepsiCo's cash flows. In view of the reduced of corporate return on assets, create difficulty for PepsiCo's to compete effectively with Coca-Cola, and hurt its stock price. Hence, in 17, PepsiCo decided to spin off its restaurant business into a new company called Trico Global Restaurants, Inc. based at KFC's headquarters in Louisville, Kentucky.

There other reason to spin off all restaurants into a stand-alone company is to allow focus for company to deal with it separately. For instances- Maturing fast-food industry in the United States; Profits and operating margins at KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell were declining; Enable resources to better invested in higher return business for soft drinks and snack food revenue; Prevent overall corporate return on assets (ROA) been affect by fast-food chain, as PepsiCo's restaurant business was a cash hog.

Leadership

As KFC under the culture and leadership of Colonel, it portray towards more people orientated. In contract to KFC, PepsiCo's culture of managing is much emphasis on performance. Top performers expected to move up the ladle while slow mover stay put. It also practices rotating top managers through the 5 divisions (KFC, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, Frito-Lay, and Pepsi-Cola) on average every two years. It is a very cruel and realistic world, as management push for high performance, high accountability, and highly driven culture. Eventually, folks who cannot performance will ether leave the company, as there are 100 ambitious guys with higher qualification at PepsiCo's headquarters in New York who are waiting to replace the empty post.

STATE HOLDERS ANALYSIS

Primary

KFC greater concern was the shortage of employees of age category from 16 to 4. As most Americans in this age category had never experienced a recession or an economic downturn before unlike in 170 Americans experienced double digit inflation, high interest rate, and high unemployment including two major oil crises. Labor costs make up to 0% of a fast-food chain's total cost, followed by food and beverage costs. Intense competition made it difficult for KFC to increase it price sufficiently to cover the increasing cost of labor. To overcome this, KFC have to eliminate low-margin food items, giving discount coupons, valued meals. And also by increasing the use of technology, e.g. computerize most of it operating system including labor scheduling, accounting, payroll, sales analysis, inventory controls, point-of sales, it served both purpose to cut cost from labor and increased operations efficiency.

Managers in KFC must be performance orientated, as only top performers expected to move up through the ranks, this practice created immense pressure on managers to demonstrate their management skill within year periods in order to maximize their potential for promotion. Sad to say, ironically, this is also how Pepsi-Co could maintain a powerful and strong management.

Demographic and societal trends of customer is very different compare from the past two decade, demand for food eaten no longer constrain at home, with rising incomes, higher divorcer rates, and people married later in life contributed to the rising number of single households and the demand for fast food. There is more than 50% of woman workforce since 170, and it will expect to rise another 15% by 010. Double income households and less time to prepare meals inside the home added to dinning out. KFC customers mainly are Baby Boomers aged 5 to 50, then, Generation Xers ages from 5 to 4, lastly, the mature category of ages 51 to 64. As consumer aged, and rise of income, a portion of it will patronize at dinner houses and full-service restaurant instead. With the incoming of Japanese, Indian, and Vietnamese restaurant become more fashionable, it taken away sales of fast-food chains. KFC's shareholder includes Tricon groups, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and Tricon restaurants all under the management of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc, corporate office in Louisville, Kentucky.

Secondary

Growing health and nutrition consciousness among more and more consumers have instantly hit KFC, where customers are health conscious and products prepare and cook with special care maintaining low fat content and cholesterol count have appeal to such buyers. Communities promote healthy diet, life-style by avoiding oily fried food. Religion countries, Muslin only ate HALAL chicken; require procedures in preparing of chicken. Government may stop the import of Chicken from countries that have contact with diseases like bird-flu. Competitors may compete in others form in public relation by doing community, charity publicities.

MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

Political

January 1, 14, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed between Canada, The United States, and Mexico have eliminated the tariffs on goods shipped among the three countries. Despite strongly opposed by farmers and unskilled worker in Mexico. Trader between these countries increased significantly.

Economic

Mexico practiced a two-tiered exchange rate system between 18 and 11, the system consisted of a controlled rate and a free-market rate, till 11, controlled rates was abolished and replaced with an official free rate. Peso was depreciate thereafter by the government to encourage foreign import that exacerbated Mexico's balance-of-trade deficit, and make export became less competitive on world markets. As Mexico is close to the United States, cost for transporting equipment and supplies is much lower than compared to other foreign locations.

Social Cultural / Political

During President Zedillo's government, a number of social issues including lack of success in controlling organized crime surrounding the drug trade; High profile political murders; High poverty rate in southern Mexico; and; Political corruption.

Technological

With the globally increasing usage of computer, advertising in web site is an alternative to target on young generation. With the help of computer technology, many things could be done to improve organization operation includes- payroll; accounting; stock tracking; point of sales system; human resource system; duties rooster, etc. Cooking method can be automatic to reduce oil content.

Geographic, Demographic

Mexico population was one-third of the United State. KFC's early entry into Latin America gave it a leadership position over McDonald's in Mexico and the Caribbean. Mexico and Puerto Rico were KFC's first expanded due to their geographic proximity, as well as political and economic ties to the U.S.

Figure 5, below diagram of macro environment charts.

ALTERNATIVE OPTIONS

KFC's could strategically invest and expand it products by building more restaurant and franchisee in Latin America and Mexico to protect KFC's market share from competitors, and be the leaders in fast-food segment. Mexico is attractive due to it population is one-third that of the United States. Mexico is also close to United States. Hence make it cost effective in logistic compare to other foreign locations. Chicken is a major component diet of the Mexican. Plus, the NAFTA eliminated tariffs on goods shipped from United States.

Alternatively-China is also promising market. KFC's could also invest in country like China, whom have the most populated market in the world and chicken is a staple food in Asia. But, this could be the next stage for KFC's as it needs to concentrate it strategic and financial for Latin America and Mexico.

RECOMMENATION

KFC's should protect its leadership position in Latin America and Mexico by building additional company owned restaurants. To prevent fund diverted too much from Tricon Global. The risks can be mitigated by relying on franchising restaurants, which, helps to expand it map too. The advantage for KFC to become strongest in Latin America and not to be overtaken by McDonald's who's also expanding aggressively. Others Pull factors were- Cheap labor; cheap chicken; able to control and maintain standard due to it proximity to U.S.; Chicken is still consider new as compare to burger; Fried food is generally acceptable by Mexican diet; Free trade in Mexico; Company enjoy 5 years tax break. There are also Push factors, they are- Stick very often; unskilled worker which requires training; and also due to cultural, most Mexican doesn't like the American. Despite these Push factors, it is still recommended as KFC's can penetrate moderately and build brand awareness, is the pioneer, and also considered the global market is slowing it scale.

SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

To sustain competitive advantage, KFC's should transfer it specialty recipes and management experience, includes- High operating efficiency Technologies, using point to order system to centralize and link with store, computerize pay roll, systematic reporting system, duties rooster, training. Implements wide variety of product line, example- more than chicken only, healthy focus, vegetarian, and tailor to localize taste. Consistency in food preparation meet with ISO standard, and better way to cook which help reduce oil. Restaurant cleanliness establish new image from bottom Toilet, installed high-tech auto-cleaning system for toilet seats, (very common in Japan and Europe hotels and restaurants) to enhance KFC image. Improving franchising standard Worldwide maintaining good relationship with franchisee, encourage communication among franchisees to bring up their stall problems and encourage recommendation to help solving it.

Clever, catchy advertising that captures the attention of fast-food consumers. Advertisement slogan featuring Healthy / Energy Meals, Special Promotion, Happy Family Meals, and/or Prizes. Aggressive and strong marketing and promotion skills to enhance, implant the mindset of consumers of KFC whenever they thought of fast food. Focus should be more during pre-school holiday, season's e.g. Christmas Special Package, Valentine set meals for couples, etc.

IMPLEMENTATION & ACTION PLAN

Management will need to register it business with local government. Setting vision and quality standard by management team as corporate identity. Finance should implement a strong control system. Business development/Marketing department should have a team to do further research and understanding the environment. Recruitment should be arranged the human resources department to maintain standing of service and consistency should provide month before and training. Franchisee contract should be revised with precaution to jeopardize against local legal terms and conditions, which could causes disadvantages to the company. Promotion and advertising department should create advertisement and slogan with strong identify to KFC's brand name and equity.

A details action plan from varies department will to be compiled and put in place accordingly.

Reference List

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Macbeth v

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Techniques

Amongst the most essential of characters in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare is Lady Macbeth. Upon the introduction of Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth is brought into the plot of the play. In this soliloquy, Lady Macbeth comments on her thoughts after having read a letter from her husband, Macbeth, informing her about the witches' prophecies on the possibility of Kingship. A variety of well-known topics are explored, including the revelation of the true traits of characters such as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be What thou art promised; yet do I fear thy nature, It is too full o'th'milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way. Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without The illness should attend it. What thou wouldst highly, That wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst strongly win. Thou'dst have, great Glamis, That which cries, 'Thus who must do' if thou have it; And that which rather thou dost fear to do. Than wishest should be undone. Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear And chastise with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round, Which fate and metaphysical aid doth seem To have crowned thee withal. -Lady Macbeth, Act 1 Sc5, Lines 1 8 Her first thoughts are based on the reaction of the realism of Macbeth being Thane of Glamis, and possibly Cawdor as the witches predicted. This is expressed through the words What thou art promised. The idea of having soliloquy interacting with the witches' predictions creates a sense of spirituality. This being Lady Macbeth's first appearance in the play is effective as it allows the reader to associate this sense of spirituality and evil with her character, that has yet to have any substance to allow the reader to interpret her role by. She continues by expressing her fear over not being able to catch the nearest way due to Macbeth's overly kind character. This is demonstrated through a variety of techniques. For example, Lady Macbeth explains how her husband would 'not play false' nor would he 'wrongly win'. This suggests a fair person with a kindness too powerful for him to be a false king, through murder. The extent of Macbeth's kind character is described as too full o'th'milk of human kindness. This is extremely significant as milk, similar to a mother's breast milk, is filled with the vital pureness and nutrition that a baby needs in order to grow. This can be used to mirror Macbeth's kind character to the importance of a mother's breast milk in the eyes of a newly born baby. In addition, Lady Macbeth's envy for her husband is shown through the compilation of words such as 'great', 'highly' and 'holiliy'. These words create imagery of religion and heavens to support her feelings towards Macbeth. The presence of the thought of heavens being the place of good after death can be used to mirror the extent of Macbeth's kind character. Lady Macbeth describes the action of murdering King Duncan through the words to catch the nearest way. The use of this euphemism to describe the action of killing Duncan can be seen as though she is trying to hide the harsh imagery of blood and violence in the action of murder. This is an example of Lady Macbeth's diminishing sense of honesty. Throughout the course of the soliloquy, the developing theme of evilness continues to show through words such as spirits and metaphysical which produce an authoritative feeling of negativity. This form of negativity is extremely effective as it relates to the topic of the supernatural and unknown that causes for greater intrigue amongst the audience as a result. Also, these words being said through Lady Macbeth gives the audience an opportunity to further build their personal folio of her character. The idea of having to call upon the spirits and gods, the most divine of beings also can be interpreted to suggest multiple meanings. The fact that Lady Macbeth has to call upon the most powerful of beings suggests the extent of Macbeth's kindness, that only the most commanding of beings has the dominance to sway Macbeth's conscience. Alternatively, the act of Lady Macbeth calling upon the most divine of beings can be interpreted to suggest the manner in which she plans to manipulate Macbeth. The fact that she is performing a ritual to the gods, as if she is seeking genuine help, suggests the desperation she is in. This is further justified by the use of the term Hie thee hither, which also suggests the desperation and haste she is in. The manner in which she wants to manipulate Macbeth in is also shown when Lady Macbeth says she wants to pour my spirits in thine ear. The smooth, fluent and gradual movement involved in the action of pouring can be used to reflect the manner in which Lady Macbeth plans to transform her husband into a murderer slowly. This too can be symbolic towards the reinforcement of Lady Macbeth's developing sense of evil as it shows that Lady Macbeth is trying to do this deed as discretely as possible, without any sudden changes that would otherwise make her actions fairly noticeable. The obscurity of pouring her evilness into Macbeth's ear as opposed to the mouth is not only unexpected, but also cunningly discrete. In this line, Lady Macbeth uses the word spirits to represent the substance of her evilness that she wishes to pass on to Macbeth. This shows her hunger and will power in which she would like to complete this deed in. This is achieved through the importance of the word spirits, a representation of ones body and soul. The fact that Lady Macbeth is willing to sacrifice her spirits reflects on the extreme levels of her will and hunger. This is also shown through the fluency of the manner in which she delivers her soliloquy. This shows that she feels very strongly for what she is saying as she does not run out of things to say. Lady Macbeth says she wishes to chastise with the valour of her tongue. The tongue being a somewhat sexual body part can be used as a representation of a certain amount of sex appeal. At a symbolic level, sex appeal in this situation can be interpreted towards the fact that Lady Macbeth, being a female, will exploit her gender in luring Macbeth to change. This can reflect Macbeth's weak heart as a result of his overly kind character. In addition, this shows the strong level of trust Macbeth has over Lady Macbeth to the extent that in their relationship, he puts himself in a position of danger. The effort in which Lady Macbeth is going to put in into making Macbeth evil to murder Duncan is expressed through the words chastise and valour. This is achieved through the harsh and commanding tones of these words. The fact that she wishes to discipline him, through the word chastise, can be seen as though Lady Macbeth feels like a teacher to Macbeth in this situation. Being the teacher, Lady Macbeth feels that she is superior and in control towards Macbeth. This also contributes towards the development of Lady Macbeth's character of one not only of utmost evilness, but also a character with plenty of fortitude. This is further strengthened by the supremacy of the word all. The extent of her confidence is further shown in this single word as it shows that she is fearless of anything that stands in her way. Lady Macbeth working extremely hard to make her husband perform the murder emphasizes her greedy character to the extent that she is prepared to jeopardize her husband's stature and pride in society for the sake of her own glory. Throughout the soliloquy, Lady Macbeth uses a mixture of euphemisms to symbolize the crowning of Macbeth. For example, she uses terms such as golden round and what thou art promised. This choice of using euphemisms can be interpreted to further show Lady Macbeth's true character. The fact that she is ashamed of what she is planning suggests a negligible quantity of humanity that may provide as one of the very few positive traits in Lady Macbeth's character. On the contrary, this could suggest otherwise. The first images that come to mind when the word golden is used, is that of joyous riches and significant wealth. This image can be used to reflect her greed for riches and wealth emerging from the position of her becoming Queen as a result of Macbeth's kingship.

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Different Perspectives of War

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Throughout history, many wars have been fought all resulting in death and destruction, but two in particular are very important to American literature today. Ernest Hemingway wrote A Farewell to Arms, a fantastic account of World War I, in which he characterizes Lt. Henry, a young ambulance driver in love during the time of fighting, actually portraying himself during the time of war. His role in the war however gave him very little personal interaction with actual combat himself but a way to observe the soldiers' lives around him. Tim O'Brien, with his position as a solder in the Viet Nam Conflict, wrote The Things They Carried, an accurate and personal account of his experiences and difficulties throughout the time of battle. Through the general surveillance of Hemingway and the individual eyes of O'Brien, both are able to capture the essence of war with differing perspectives, yet both revealing its corruptive nature on a soldier.

Based on his perspective, Hemingway is able to generalize the mental, emotional, and physical effects of both life and death in war rather than focusing on the individual perspective of the events around them. This provides a broader outlook of the demoralization and corruption of the men during their time of fighting. Early in the novel, one man reaches the despairing realization, 'There is nothing as bad as war….When people realize how bad it is they cannot do anything to stop it because they go crazy' (Hemingway 50). As the men are experiencing the battle, they truly feel war is the worst thing imaginable, but by the time they comprehend the intensity, their minds have dissipated and are no longer rational. The mental state of insanity is evident by their animal-like desire to kill. Shortly after caring for the sick and wounded, Lt. Henry, along with several other men, is captured and interrogated about his supposed involvement as an enemy spy. As a result of the degradation of their mental state, the soldiers, without hesitation shot every one they had questioned (Hemingway 4). The soldiers, as a whole, began to lose track of the purpose of reaching peace and became killing machines, not much more human than the weapons they operated. Eventually, the decaying minds of the soldiers expands to encompass their emotions, resulting in a loss of optimism and desire to stay alive 'It is never hopeless. But sometimes I cannot hope. I try always to hope but sometimes I cannot' (Hemingway 71). The men's loss of hope to persevere and carry on leads to a doubting of all aspects of life, even the creator Himself. In the novel, the priest is speaking to Lt. Henry and simply states, 'You understand but you do not love God' (Hemingway 7). Henry's reply admits his lack of love for God and reveals that he is afraid of Him in the night sometimes (Hemingway 7). During the time of war and aggression, all the men know is fear and hate, losing the ability to even trust in God. After the horrifying things they have seen, they are unable to rely on anyone to help them in the darkness of the night. Death, a morbid reality of war, severely contributes to the gloom and darkness of the novel, something Hemingway encountered abundantly in his line of work. As Lt. Henry is lying on a stretcher after his injury, a dead man lies above him with drops [of blood falling] very slowly, as they fall from an icicle after the sun has gone (Hemingway 61). As Henry arrives at the hospital, he experiences a darkness of war unlike any other. At a perceived place of health and restoration, soldiers can look out the windows and see the new graves in the garden (Hemingway 75). With a general feeling of gloom and despair, the soldiers, in a delusional state of mind, can only focus on the present with no regard for life after war There is nothing worse than war (Hemingway 50). By using a broader prospective on the life of soldiers, Hemingway is able to objectively capture the mental, emotional, and physical consequences associated with war.

In contrast to Hemingway, O'Brien's individualistic perspective of the mental, emotional, and physical results of war offers the reader a personal account based on his daily experience with hand-to-hand combat. With his actual role as a soldier, his memories are still fresh in his mind and he writes mainly of individual men and their experiences. With the purpose of killing as many as possible, the men did not look at the faces of the enemy to prevent any kind of relationship, but twenty years later, [they are] left with faceless responsibility and faceless grief (O'Brien 180). The minds of the men began to create new realities to escape from the hell in which they are living, and admit to sometimes [slipping] away into daydreams inspiring a mental state entirely different from the one they possessed at the entrance of war. During the times the soldiers were ordered to crawl into and destroy the complex holes dug by the opposing side, O'Brien remembers …the waiting was worse than the tunnel itself. Imagination was a killer (O'Brien 11). Ironically he felt his own mind the source of his death, illustrating once again the destruction of rational thought and perception. Fighting brought out feelings and realizations O'Brien never knew he had …you're never more alive than when you're almost dead. You recognize what's valuable (O'Brien 81). Although this time forced the men to act in an inconceivable manner, sometimes they looked for the best and grasped the things in life that matter the most. Other times, the soldiers did not know what to feel and were torn by feeling both love and hate, unsure of whether to remember the loved ones they have and withstand the pain for them, or hate everyone for killing and fighting (O'Brien 17). This struggle of emotions caused many to fall to one extreme, leaving them incapable of feeling everything designed for humans. O'Brien not only personally describes his own experiences, but sees and assumes those of the men around him as well In the presence of his fathers and uncles, he pretended to look forward to doing his patriotic duty, which was also a privilege, but at night he prayed with his mother that the war might end soon (O'Brien 17) Going to war is characterized as such an honorable affair that a boy who is only going out of obligation, prays each night to stay at home with his mother and not have to participate in such a horrendous act. O'Brien recalls thinking of himself as just a kid at war, in love (O'Brien 1). Numerous men had so much going for them but, even at a young age, had to detach themselves from their lives and loved ones to fight for a cause they frequently could not even remember. With physical deaths looming around the men daily, they were unsure how to react when they felt something they weren't used to. O'Brien remembers a time when they stumbled across a baby water buffalo and, with no apparent regard for life, a soldier shot it over and over until it collapsed forever, then saw the soldier …crying. He tried to say something, but then cradled his rifle and went off by himself (O'Brien 7). With his personal experience of daily warfare, O'Brien's individual perspective presents an emotional and detailed description of the repercussions of war on a soldier and his life.

With Hemingway's influence and broad view of World War I, O'Brien himself wrote a novel basing it on his own personal wartime experiences, which some say is one of the best war stories in history. These men illustrate an accurate account of war and the effects it has on a soldier but, regardless of the perspective, one can reach the conclusion that war is still war, with consequences and life changing occurrences. Although these soldiers suffer countless attacks and dispiriting aggression, somewhere in the hate and hostility they find something astonishing and nothing else like it (O'Brien 81).

Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York Simon and Schuster, 15.

O'Brien, Tim. The Things They Carried. New York Broadway Books, 10.

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The Great Depression

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The Great Depression

Two presidents, Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt, were unfortunately faced with the greatest economic plummet of their times. The bedlam over speculation caused stock prices to soar, causing the stock market to take a turn for the worst. Businesses collapsed and savings were completely expunged. Unemployment soon reached a peak of 1 million people.

Although orphaned by the young age of 10, Herbert Hoover did not let the tragic obstacle stop him from being successful. He went on to graduate from the prestigious Stanford University and when the war broke out in Europe, he became involved in high-level relief work, supervising the distributing of food and supplies to the people of Belgium and northern France. These acts of kindness earned him the title of the U.S food administrator. He moved up to Secretary for Commerce which got him noticed by the public as the leader of America's confident business community. In 18, he became president. The Great Depression suddenly pounced upon the country, leaving Hoover with no option, but to take action. Although Hoover was always striving for individualism and self help, he was not merely going to sit back and watch the country fall. He exhorted bankers, businessmen, state governments and others to voluntarily stabilize credit, keep wages up and give to charitable enterprises. In 1, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was created to send loans to banks, railroads and insurance companies. Home loan banks were set up to aid home owners meeting mortgages, and the government also sent money to drought-stricken farmers. Although Hoover did not exactly stick to his instincts on individualism, he definitely would never use the national government for direct relief work. He would simply not allow for federal handouts, because he believed it would lead to a dependency of citizens upon state. In 1, he was again nominated by the Republicans but was severely defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt.

Born to a wealthy landowner who was vice president of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had a very enjoyable childhood. He was participant in tennis, polo, yachting, and riding to hounds. Amongst all of his fun activities, he was reared with a sense of civic responsibility. His parents set him with patrician values and his father had some root in Democratic politics. Another political influence Franklin had was his fifth cousin, Teddy Roosevelt, whom he deeply admired. After he graduated from Harvard, he began to robustly campaign to become a Democratic state senator which sent Franklin's name to the ears of the public. In 11, he was stricken by the viral disease of polio. He was paralyzed from the waist down and decided to retire for two years in which he endured great physical and emotional distress. When he realized that his unfortunate condition was permanent, he forced himself to walk, relying on leg braces and two canes. Although in the beginning he was discouraged, in the end, his battle with polio deepened and strengthened his character. Never once did he ask for sympathy and he knew just how to hide his pain. He was stronger than he ever had been. With his new outlook on life, he returned to politics. The Depression reached its all time low in the period between his election and inauguration. When he was elected into presidency, he took the role as Pioneer of the New Deal. Not only did he collect ideas from his allies, he branched out to professors, economists, and lawyers in the planning to replace the free market of classical economics. He had plans to bring relief to the most disadvantaged members of society. He set up new measures to regulate securities and insurance and created numerous acts to employ the unemployed. Although few of his many acts to help the people and the economy were declared unconstitutional, he launched his Second New Deal with goals to protect union rights and set up old age insurance. He introduced Fireside chats that reassured millions and later served two more terms in presidency.

This great nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper…the only thing we have to fear is fear itself, were the famous, reassuring words of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Hoover and Roosevelt stepped up to the crisis with their heads held high and charged into it with confidence in their country. They knew America would hold strong and work together to overcome this hardship of the economy. Hoover started the recovery from the massive depression and Roosevelt brought up the tail end. He supplied six million unemployed with jobs, restored faith in the economy and the Democratic party was now the natural home to man ethnic groups. These two men could have merely ran away with their tails tucked between their legs, but they held strong, and sealed the bond holding America together.

Please note that this sample paper on The Great Depression is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Great Depression, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Great Depression will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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The Lottery

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THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

Beatrice Nguku

Comp. ll 70 - 0 M-TH

Mr. Adams

Due date July 1, 1

THE LOTTERY

Despite its title, Shirley Jackson's The Lottery leads us to think of winning money, but instead it portrays an innocent person denied life's chances, a victim of violence and cruelty by the community. On the morning of June 7th, a sunny pleasant summer day, the villagers are gathered in the village square as they did every year. They are carrying on normal conversations as if nothing of importance is going to happen. It is not very clear where this village is located. Mr. Summers, the lottery organizer, arrives with a black box containing slips of paper. One of the papers has a black dot marked on it. The fact that Mr. Summers is conducting the lottery, and runs the coal business; it is the only clue we have with which to date the story. In The lottery, a human being is stoned to death in the name of a good crop. There is no explanation provided where the guarantee of a good crop is coming from.

A theme of The Lottery is the blind following of tradition and customs without looking at the consequences of such actions. The villagers believe in old customs that someone has to be sacrificed for the common good. They continue to take part in the lottery even though they cannot remember some of the customs of the ritual, such as the tuneless chant and the ritual salute (Jackson, 7). There are slips of paper to be made. There is the calling of family names in the alphabetical order during the drawing of the lottery. The black box from which the slips of paper are drawn symbolizes the villagers not able to change their tradition.

Mrs. Adams is having a conversation with the oldest member of the community, Old Man Warner about giving up the lottery. In this conversation we notice a sense of guilt in Mr. and Mrs. Adams because of what they are about to do. In the foreshadowing, Mr. Warner is explaining to the villagers the importance of having the lottery for the survival of the village. He is against the idea and says; There's always been the lottery (). Mr. Warner symbolizes resistance to change because he has no other way of living except that of the lottery as we can see how many times he has drawn the lottery and has no intentions of giving it up. The irony of it is that Mr. and Mrs. Adams could have stood up for themselves and refuse to participate in the lottery.

During the drawing of the lottery the villagers are overcome with fear because they do not know who among them is going to pick the marked paper. They breathe a sigh of relief when they find out that Mrs. Hutchinson is the winner of the lottery. Her husband and children are glad that they did not win the lottery. She complains about the manner in which the lottery is conducted but it really does not matter; someone has to win it. Mr. summers tells the villagers, let's finish quickly (41). At this point we are hoping that Mr. Summers is going to announce the cash prize for the winning lottery ticket, but instead the community sets upon Mrs. Hutchinson with a pile of stones collected earlier by the boys. It is at this point that we realize the lottery is not winning money but the villagers are engaged in a brutal act of stoning to death of an innocent human being victimized by means of a public lottery. Mrs. Hutchinson is in shock and disbelief on realizing that not only her friends and neighbors are going to kill her, but also her family is willing to take part. Although children have joy in making a pile of stones, they certainly do not have joy in stoning people to death. They learn from their parents whom they imitate in their play. We see that Davy Hutchinson being given a few pebbles to stone his mom and thus he learns what to do before he knows why he is doing it. Why is it that Davy picks his own paper but has help in stoning his mother?

Violence is a major theme in The Lottery. While the stoning is cruel and brutal, we realize that horrifying acts of violence can happen anywhere at any time and committed by ordinary people. The fact that the villagers kill one person a year does not change the fact that they are murderers. We do not have many details about the villagers, which makes it hard to to tell their emotional feelings during and after the stoning. We do not have details of Mrs. Hutchison's death and we do not see a sense of guilt and remorse, but instead as the French moralist Rochefoucald observes that we obtain a certain pleasure from news of misfortune to friends. (Short Story 'criticism Vol. , Ed. Thomas Botteler, 51). The villagers must have returned to their homes thanking their gods that they did not win the lottery. Therefore life is not always fair when denied life's chances.

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