Penelope essay

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Essay Homer's Characterization of Penelope in the Odyssey

The role of women in Homer's Odyssey is very limited, as it concentrates mainly on the significance of male characters. Penelope's character proves to be the most independent female depicted in the poem that is largely dominated by males. Throughout the play Penelope maintains the ultimate mother imagery as she portrays both the mother and father figure for her son Telemachus. Penelope is also portrayed as a woman of her own making, whose intelligence proves that she the perfect partner for Odysseus. Penelope's character proves to be faithful as she continually defends her husband's reputation and resists the suitor's persistence to marry her. Amongst all the struggles and pain that Penelope succumbs to, her physical beauty never fades as she is admired strongly by Odysseus and the male suitors. Penelope was given a considerable role as a woman in the Odyssey, as she used her strong will and intelligence to help her husband maintain his power and authority when he returned home.

Penelope continues to demonstrate her great mother imagery throughout the entire poem, as she continually shows her strong love and emotion for her son and at the same time educates him to act as his father would. Penelope's emotions take over her as she is overcome by emotion due to Telemachus' secret expedition to find news about his father. Penelope was overwhelmed by the anguish that racked her. She could not even bear to sit in one of the many chairs in her apartment, but sank down on the threshold of her lovely room weeping bitterly(Book 4. 715-0). The reaction of Penelope to Telemachus' expedition shows that as a mother, she becomes very emotionally distraught and fears that the worst may happen to her son that she cares for so deeply. Penelope shows that she is a mother that worries heavily about her son and will not be able to concentrate fully until she knows that her son is out of harms way. Penelope not only shows her strong emotions from her son's departure with tears but also denies herself from food and drink as she is longing for the safe homecoming of her son Telemachus. Wise Penelope lay there in her upper room, without touching food or drink, wondering whether her innocent son would escape death or fall victim to her brutal suitors. Doubts and fears chased through her mind as they do a lions when he finds himself surrounded by the beater and stands in terror as they close in (Book 4. 788-). Penelope deprives herself of food and drink because the concern for her son causes her to be so distraught that she cannot even take part in her daily rituals. Although she is filled with painful emotions and sorrow she confronts the suitors out of respect and love for her son, demanding that they put an end to their schemes to kill Telemachus. Odysseus at whose expense you are living free, whose wife you are courting, and whose son you are prepared to kill… You are causing me great anguish… I command you now to put and end to all this and make the rest obey you! (Book 4. 718-1). Penelope demonstrates great strength as a mother, as she can push aside her tears and carry herself strongly in order to confront the suitors and demand that they put an end to their plans to kill her son. Penelope allows herself to be overcome with passion as her son returns home safely from his journey. And now the wise Penelope came our from her room, looking like Artemis or golden Aphrodite, and dissolved in tears as she threw her arms around her sons neck…Your back Telemachus, light of my eyes!(Book.) The return of Telemachus demonstrates the strong connection Penelope has with her son. This is shown when Penelope transforms from a weeping mother occupied to a beautiful goddess crying tears of joy at the sight of her son. The great mother imagery of Penelope goes beyond her emotions and care for her son's well being as she also educates him to follow in the steps of wise and honorable Odysseus. Penelope steps up to her son and belies him for the treatment of the beggar. Telemachus she said, Your sense and judgment aren't what they were. As a boy you used to have much greater shrewdness, but now you have grown up and entered manhood…Look what has just happened in this shall, you allowed this visitor of ours to be shamefully treated (Book 18. 15-). Penelope confronts Telemachus for allowing such inappropriate treatment of the beggar to occur in their home. Penelope acknowledges her sons actions and talks with him to show him that his actions were neither honorable nor acceptable. This shows that Penelope is a mother who cares deeply for her son and is not submissive when he acts unacceptably.

Penelope is also portrayed as a woman of her own making, using her craftiness and intelligence to deal with problems and situations that arise. These qualities show that Penelope is the perfect match for Odysseus who also exudes the same qualities. Intelligence is the most apparent characteristic seen in Penelope's character. The suitors often refer to Penelope as Kerdea, a Greek word that usually refers to cunning intelligence and is associated with a fox or a skilled thief. Meanwhile they are pressing me to name my wedding day and I have to devise tricks to deceive them (Book 1. 14-). Penelope shows that she uses her intelligence and craftiness to avoid having to choose a suitor that allows her husband to maintain his power and authority while he is gone. Penelope devised a trick that kept the suitors at bay for almost four years. So by the day I used to weave a great web but every night I had torches set beside it and undid the work. For three years I took them on by this strategy until my maids caught me(Book 1. 14-55). Penelope fooled the suitors with her intelligence by telling the suitors that she will not wed until she has finished weaving a shroud for Laertes, her father in law. Penelope had undid all her work every night before she went to bed, and it took three years for the suitors to catch on to her scheme. Penelope continues demonstrate her cleverness when she brings upon the challenge of the axes. I shall now place the great bow of godlike Odysseus in front of you. Whoever strings the bow most easily and shoots an arrow through all twelve axes, with that man I will go (Book 1. 7-8). Penelope is in a position where she no longer has a reason to postpone her selection of a suitor, so she devices the challenge of the axes knowing that only Odysseus himself can string the bow and precisely hit all twelve points. This shows that like Odysseus, Penelope uses her intellect and craftiness to solve a situation that arises. The suitors parents themselves recognize Penelope's great intelligence as they talk with Telemachus about sending his mother away to marry. She must be aware of trying our young men's patience much further and counting to much on matchless gifts that she owes to Athene, her skill in handicraft, her excellent brain, and the genius she has for getting her way. In that respect I grant she has no equal, not even in story (Book . 115-0). Antinous talks of Penelope as if she is beyond a goddess, excelling not only as a housewife but has the intelligence of a goddess or nymph, using her craftiness to get her way.

Penelope's character proves to be extremely loyal and faithful to Odysseus as she continually defends her husband's reputation and resists the suitor's persistence in courting her to be their wife. Penelope's faithfulness is well known to all people as her fame has spread throughout Ithaca and the heavens. This is shown by Agamemnon who states, There is no trusting women (Book 11. 455-6). Although his view of women has been misconstrued due to the deceptiveness of his own wife, he still appears to have much respect for the loyal Penelope. Odysseus of many virtues, you won a wife endowed with great virtue. How good what proved that is in blameless Penelope…and how well she remembered Odysseus her wedded husband(Book 4. 1-6). Agamemnon spoke these words after the suitors are led to their position in the underworld. This shows that even a man such as Agamemnon who was deceived by his wife, sees that Penelope has proven herself to be the opposite of Clytaemnestra. Penelope shows her great faithfulness and loyalty to Odysseus by staying away from the suitor's lust to marry her. She seldom shows herself to the suitors in the hall, but keeps away from them and works in her loom in her room upstairs. By doing this Penelope shows that she would rather be alone then be unfaithful to Odysseus. This action also shows that her main concern is Odysseus' return home. Penelope also proves her faithfulness by continually boasting her husband's fame in public, most often in front of the suitors. As dear as he, do I long whenever I am reminded of my husband whose fame goes through Hellas and mid most Argos (Book 1. 4-45). Penelope continues to make comments such as, I lost a husband with a heart of a lion among the Donians surpassed in all virtues(Book 1. 56-7). In this way, Penelope reinforces her husband's authority and keeps his reputation great, proving her loyalty and love of her husband to the suitors.

Although Penelope has a life full of pain and distress, her physical beauty never fades away with that pain as her beauty is admired throughout the land. Throughout Homer's poem Penelope look are often related to those of a goddess, The wise Penelope now came down from her apartment to look like Artemis or a golden Aphrodite(Book 1. 5-4). In the Odyssey Penelope's character is continually described using a goddess such as Artemis and Aphrodite, showing that her beauty is beyond the beauty of an average woman. The suitors are often filled with great feelings of lust when Penelope presents herself to them, The suitors went weak in the knees. Their hearts melted with desire, and every man amongst them voiced a prayer that he might sleep with her (Book 18. 1-15). Penelope's beauty proves to be breathtaking as shown by the suitors who cannot control their desires at the sight of her. Penelope's beauty is also shown by the suitors who comment on their chance to go elsewhere to find a suitable bride. Yet they continue their stay in hopes that they will marry the incomparable Penelope. Meanwhile we stay, instead of each seeking a suitable bride, we feed our hopes from day to day on the thought of the incomparable prize for which we are competing (Book . 05-8). The suitors continue to wait for the chance to marry Penelope because no other bride can be compared to the beauty and wit of Penelope.

Penelope's character proves to be the most independent female in Homer's Odyssey, a poem that is largely concentrated on the significance of male charachters. Penelope's strong bond with Telelmachus gives the reader a strong mother imagery, as she shows great passion for her son. Penelope is also portrayed as a woman with cunning intelligence that exemplifies her strong connection with Odysseus. Penelope's character proves to be loyal and faithful to Odysseus while he is away from home by resisting the suitors who were competing to have her hand in marriage. Throughout all the difficulties and anguish that Penelope experiences, her physical beauty never fades as she is often described as a goddess. Penelope was given a considerable role as a woman in the Odyssey, as she used her strong will and intelligence to help her husband maintain his power and authority when he returned home.

 

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Walmart Analysis

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No other mass retailer or trading community -- domestic, foreign, or global -- has developed a system even close to WalMart's capabilities in supply chain and distribution management and optimization. From 187 to 1 WalMart spent over $700 million on its satellite communications network, computers, and related equipment. However, the possibility of competitors having allocated significant resources to developing state-of-the-art data warehouses that, like WalMart's, go beyond collecting point-of-sale data to drive replenishment. The new data warehouses address and understand demographics, individual stores, and customer preferences. To continue to maintain IT as a strategic advantage, WalMart must continue development to further increase the effectiveness and efficiency of its supply chain management systems, to advance the development of its distribution management system, and add new capabilities as the technologies and customer service opportunities arise.

In looking at WalMart more closely we realize that since WalMart is a traditional company its value chain is its supply chain. In order to strengthen its value chain we must focus on strengthening components in their supply chain. As we further analyze the company, WalMart maintains a win-win situation with its suppliers since they order large quantities and they represent one of the largest customers for their suppliers. If we were to analyze WalMart like any other company and focus on its value chain rather than supply chain, WalMart still comes out on top. And more customer service.

Walmart is one of the biggest global retailers in the world, operating in several different countries around the world, with multiple formats, all tied together by a state-of-the-art retail

distribution system known as a Retail Link. The corporation typically seeks market areas where there is a customer base of 5,000 to 5,000 and targets small to medium-sized towns in particular. Historically, the corporation avoids big city markets where land prices may be too high and competition from other large retailers much stiffer. Instead, Wal-Marts strategy has been to locate in peripheral, semi-rural areas or city outskirts where it may draw from a regional clientele.

Some of WalMart's sustainable sources of competitive advantage lie largely in their goal to providing their customers with the Everyday Low Prices. This assurance along with the fact that they are willing to match or beat any of their competitors prices leads their customers to place more faith in WalMart. WalMart's aim to always serve their customers with a smile as well as always be of assistance is another reason they are able to stay ahead of their competition. Sticking steadfastly to the two rules of thumb on customer satisfaction and low price guarantee has lead WalMart to become the leader in their competitive industry.

Relationships

Descriptive statistics

Some of the key strengths of WalMart are in its value chain activities, most importantly its primary activities. WalMart has an excellent warehouse and inventory management system on hand, a segment of the value chain system, and hence they are able to stay ahead of their competitors. Their IT focuses on data warehousing and improving their inbound and outbound logistics. Also their shipping and order processing to each of their different store locations is done just in time so that none of their stores is lacking in any of the required inventory. Promotions are a big deal for WalMart. Their heavy reliance on advertisement to boost their sales and increase their number of customers has lead them to their current position today on the New York Stock exchange. WalMart relies on advertising to boost their sales and to build traffic, however in 1 advertising costs were only 1.5% of WalMart's discount store sales oppose to .1% for direct competitors. Their IT helps them determine which products are the most popular to the customers, and thus they are able to offer the lowest prices on the most needed products. Advertising these sale items attracts more customers to their stores. Customer relations is very important at WalMart since their customer retention rate must be high in order to maintain their level of growth. Due to better inventory management, and higher quality of service they are able to offer customers a lower price on most products and thus increase the customer's willingness to pay. All of the activities described above are segments of the Primary activities of WalMart's value chain system.

Some of WalMart's weaknesses lie in their recent entrance into the Asian markets. Since their European competitors have already made their foothold there, WalMart is at a slight disadvantage at gaining customers there. Also the value chain system applied to the American markets needs to be altered for their Asian markets because the tastes of the Asian consumers vary greatly from their American counterparts. WalMart is also reaching the saturation point in the American markets. Their long time presence has lead to use every trick in the book to gain customer satisfaction the old school way, but now with the use of IT they can further increase their customer market by analyzing the market trends of their various locations. Their new IT will give them further insight on what the customers really want and they will be able to focus and selling and advertising the demanded products at the lowest market prices to beat out their competitors. According to the competitive forces model, analyzing WalMart's stance in the Asian markets reveals that the threat of new entrants into the industry is quite possible, since they are trying to sell foreign products to consumers who would prefer the local products. The threat of competitors is quite strong as they have to compete with the European stores who have established themselves there well before WalMart's arrival. However, the new IT will give them the ability to determine which products are in most demand in which locations and then switch the order levels with suppliers accordingly, thus avoiding any losses and in fact guaranteeing a profit.

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The Tell Tale Heart

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The Tell Tale Heart' is a story about a man who killed an old man just because he didn't like the way his eyes looked like. The main character speaks about madness as being a gift and not a kid of disability for example in paragraph one on page he says ' but why would you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses-not destroyed-not dulled them'. The mad man killed the old man and then cut him up and put him under the floorboards of the house.

'The fruit at the bottom of the bowl' is a story about a man (William Acton) who killed his neighbour (Huxley) because he thought that Huxley was having an affair with his wife. Acton strangles Huxley and then he cleans the Huxley's house so that there aren't any fingerprints in the house left so that the police can trace the murder back to Acton.

In 'The Tell Tale Heart' the main character thinks that he has done the right thing by killing the old man and that he got rid of the 'evil eye'. The main character is very confident about what he has done and think that he had a very good reason for killing the old man which was that he didn't like the way his eyes looked like and because he thought that the eyes were evil. We can see evidence of that in the nd paragraph on page where he says 'I think it was his eye! yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture-very gradually- I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye for ever.' In my opinion I think that this is no good reason for killing a human being the is like me killing someone because they have ginger hair whereas is 'The fruit at the bottom of the bowl' William Acton has a good enough reason about killing Huxley well maybe not a big reason, but at least a normal reason for killing Huxley and the reason is that Acton thought that Huxley was having a affair with his wife. I think Acton maybe feels a little bit guilty and is very paranoid about the whole murder unlike in 'The Tell Tale Heart' where the murder is very confident about what he had done and planned the whole murder whereas Acton didn't really plan to kill Huxley, but Acton in his mind thought that Huxley knew all along that he was going to get murdered. Acton thought that Huxley planned to get murdered and so told Acton to touch a lot of stuff in the house for example on page 8 Huxley said 'There's a bottle of burgundy, Acton. Mind fetching it from that cabinet? essaybank.co.uk wwcb cbw escbcbs aycb cbba ncb kccb cbuk. wweg egw esegegs ayeg egba neg kceg eguk. wwfd fdw esfdfds ayfd fdba nfd kcfd fduk;

Yes, fetch it. Handle it. Touch it. He did.'

Than Acton thought that Huxley was basically setting him up. Once Acton strangled Huxley he had started to clean the house of fingerprints. That was all fine and well but Acton didn't clean only the door knobs, glasses, cup and things like that which he touched he cleaned the whole house the walls, the couch absolutely everything which was a sign of big paranoia from Acton. wwaf afw esafafs ayaf afba naf kcaf afuk.

The character in 'The Tell Tale Heart' had a lot of conversations throughout the story but all the conversations were to himself. The things that the character talked about were very strange. He talked about how every night at midnight for the last week he came to check on the old man to see the 'evil eye' and to look up on the old man. The character talked about how cautiously he opened the door so the old man wouldn't here him. He would open the door 'just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye'-as in paragraph one on page 4 whereas in the 'Fruit at the bottom of the bowl' Acton the main character had conversations with himself using flashbacks like on page 8 in the first paragraph were he looked back just before he killed Huxley and the things that happened. As Acton looked back he realised that Huxley was telling him to touch everything in the room the books, the bottle of burgundy, the burgundy glasses etc. as if Huxley knew that he was going to get murdered. Acton thought that Huxley was setting him up for what he was about to do. Acton now thought that his fingerprints were everywhere in the house and the he was set up by Huxley and in a way he thought that he was outsmarted by Huxley. When Acton went to look for the gloves so that there weren't any more fingerprints in the house he was a bit frustrated that he couldn't find the gloves and so was asking himself even more could Huxley have know that he was going to get murdered? Like on page 86 in the first paragraph Acton said 'Did you guess I was going to kill you?' and on the same page in the same paragraph he said ' Were you that cleaver and that mean?' The other conversations that Acton had were about how he could have done the murder better. Z7HS Visit essaybank ea co ea uk ea for more ea Do not ea redistribute Z7HS wwbb bbw esbbbbs aybb bbba nbb kcbb bbuk; wwgf gfw esgfgfs aygf gfba ngf kcgf gfuk.

In 'The Tell Tale Heart' the main can hear and see a few strange things. The character sees the old mans eye as evil. This maybe is not unusual because the old man could be looking at the character in a strange way and by looking that way at him the character may think that the old man has an 'evil eye'. After he has murdered the old man and when he is sitting down in the room where the old man is dead under the floorboards chatting with the police he all of a sudden starts to hear a heartbeat which is getting louder, louder and louder. This heartbeat may represent the characters guilty conscience and shows us that the character is actually nervous about what he had done. However it's that mad people don't have a conscience so this may support the characters argument about not being mad, but on the other hand hearing a heartbeat that no one else can hear is a little bit strange and points that he might be mad. So the heartbeat is the key point in answering the question is he or is he not mad?

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In 'The Fruit at the bottom of the bowl' Acton can see himself as an artist who has just made a piece of art (the dead body) and clearing all the evidence that points to him. This make Acton look not normal but a bit mad if he looks at a dead body and treats it like a piece of art. As the story goes Acton starts to see fingerprints all over the house. His fingerprints. This is a little bit strange, as you cannot see fingerprints with your naked eye unless you are really close and seeing fingerprints on an object is extremely hard. This is showing that he is a bit mad and a bit paranoid. wwbf bfw esbfbfs aybf bfba nbf kcbf bfuk.

Both characters start to see or hear things after they have committed the crime, which shows I think that they are guilty, but the heartbeat is ambivalent and the fingerprints are not. When the main characters start to see and hear things they start to fall and get very, very nervous which shows again that they are felling guilty. The seeing of the fingerprints was the reason why Acton started to polish the whole house and in my mind the reason why he got caught. wwfd fdw esfdfds ayfd fdba nfd kcfd fduk!

The characters reactions help us tell wheatear they are mad or not. Acton feels very passionate about his murder and treats it like a piece of art and so tries to make absolutely everything perfect. If you look as a piece of art like the Mona Lisa then I think that the person is completely mad. However the main character in 'The Tell Tale Heart' is not as thrilled as the Acton about the crime. The character is just happy the he got rid of the 'evil eye'. He treats it like a job so he is happy that the job was done successfully. Acton's reaction is a bit strange whereas the reaction of the main character in 'The Tell Tale Heart' is very normal it's like ok job done move on whereas Acton is trying to make it better and better as a true artist.

Once the characters have committed the murders they are starting to get rid of the evidence and in this part where they are meant to make everything normal in my mind they make us think that they are even madder then we thought at the beginning of the story. In 'The Tell Tale Heart' the character kills the old man and then he chops him off into pieces and putts the body under the floorboards of the room, which in a way is smart but also very sick and insane. Acton is even madder because he starts to polish the whole house so that he would get rid of the fingerprints he even polishes the walls and even the furniture. This shows that he is insane because he is saying that he is seeing the fingerprints and it is nearly impossible actually I think it is impossible to see your fingerprints with your naked eye on fabric, which shows that he is mad and paranoid. However it is normal to clean fingerprints to get rid of the evidence but the problem is that Acton took it over the edge. We can see that both characters are emphasising madness they are also showing us that they are a bit normal and smart. from www.essaybank.co.uk wwdc dcw esdcdcs aydc dcba ndc kcdc dcuk. wwff ffw esffffs ayff ffba nff kcff ffuk.

The two stories are told in different ways. 'The Tell Tale Heart' is told in the 1st person narrative whereas the 'The Fruit At The Bottom Of The Bowl' is told in the rd person narrative. I think that the story is better told if it's in the 1st person narrative because it lets you see the story from the characters point of view and it lets you engage with the thoughts and filings of the character. wwge gew esgeges ayge geba nge kcge geuk.

In the stories rhetorical questions are used. The use of the rhetorical questions is different in the stories because 'In the Fruit At The Bottom Of The Bowl' the rhetorical questions are used to create confusion whereas in 'The Tell Tale Heart' the rhetorical questions are used to express anger from the main character this is showing that the character isn't happy when people call him mad.

In the stories there was also strange use of punctuation to affect the madness. The character in 'The Tell Tale Heart' being mad to us a lot of repetitions like 'very, very' and louder, louder etc. There also is a lot of dashes so that the sentence is made longer and in a way makes us the readers think that the character is mad. There is a lot of short and long sentences in the stories. The short sentences were mainly used they to create a bigger impact on the reader whereas the long sentences were boring and mostly describing things. The short sentences were used in 'The Tell Tale Heart' when the main character was feeling tense especially when he started to hear the heartbeat of the old man. JSe0tJ from JSe0tJ essay JSe0tJ bank JSe0tJ co JSe0tJ uk

I think that the portrayal of Edgar Allan Poe is better because his technique was better than the one of Ray Bradbury. I think that because he wrote in the 1st person narrative this is because I could engage better with the character and get into his inner thoughts whereas the rd person narrative which was used by Ray Bradbury doesn't give you that kind of insight into the character and the 1st person narrative helps us understand the characters madness. The other good thing that Edgar Allan Poe did was that he made the madness of the character grow more and more as the story went on.

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Ekati Mines of Diamonds

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After a man endlessly searches for the perfect diamond ring for the love of his life, the wonder of where the jewel comes from always arises. Yet, the wonder is truly, undoubtedly not on where it comes from, but how it comes to be. The Ekati Mine in Canada's Northwest Territories, is one of the places where diamonds originate. But before diamonds become the shiny crystals that they appear to be, deposits must be located, ore must be processed to markets, and of course, environmental laws must be followed for the protection of the Earth.

Locating deposits in this mine is very simple. Due to the ancient volcanoes that erupted many years ago, magma had passed through the diamonds in the earth and brought them back up closer to the surface. As the glaciers formed over, they soon melted forming lakes in this mine. Under all these lakes are kimberlite pipes filled with diamonds 00 km under the earth.. Yet, getting to these diamonds is not an easy task. After Panda, the first kimberlite pipe was located, the draining procedure of the lake took months. After this procedure was finished, a dame had to be created to stop any water from flowing into the pit during extraction. Diamonds were very easily found at this time, and then sent out to be processed.

As one of the largest diamond mines in Canada, the Ekati Mine produces diamonds that are some of the purest. This may be why Canada has 6% of the world demand for diamonds. Yet, getting that perfect diamond takes processing. Processing the ore is one of the more complicated processes. One the ore is extracted, it must be sent to the processing plant. Once in the plant, the ore is put on a conveyor belt to be screened, scrubbed, pumped, screened to size, washed, separated, screened again, and then separated from the Earth. After this ore is completely stripped, it is sent to the sawing room where the diamond is then ground until it is cut completely in half. It is soon sent to the bruiting room where the diamonds pieces are formed into circles and than polished and examined to be sure the diamond is perfect.

Yet before that perfect diamond could even reach the stores to be sold, many environmental laws must be followed for the mine to be able to sustain. The federal government of Canada has been after the Ekati Mine for over twenty years claiming that any Northern Development projects have to be screened and tested for the impacts that may be caused socially and environmentally. In 14, the Ekati Mine was assessed by B.H.P, along with many other committees. Two years later, B.H.P, go the go ahead to be able to perform their duties. With that, the mine was able to produce wonderful diamonds for the world admire.

Truly, diamonds are a wonderment. Whether it be their looks, their origination, the methodical way they are created, and the way they do not harm the environment, which is very important to an everyday life. With the Ekati Mine in place, diamonds will be around for a very long time. After all, diamonds are forever.

After a man endlessly searches for the perfect diamond ring for the love of his life, the wonder of where the jewel comes from always arises. Yet, the wonder is truly, undoubtedly not on where it comes from, but how it comes to be. The Ekati Mine in Canada's Northwest Territories, is one of the places where diamonds originate. But before diamonds become the shiny crystals that they appear to be, deposits must be located, ore must be processed to markets, and of course, environmental laws must be followed for the protection of the Earth.

Locating deposits in this mine is very simple. Due to the ancient volcanoes that erupted many years ago, magma had passed through the diamonds in the earth and brought them back up closer to the surface. As the glaciers formed over, they soon melted forming lakes in this mine. Under all these lakes are kimberlite pipes filled with diamonds 00 km under the earth.. Yet, getting to these diamonds is not an easy task. After Panda, the first kimberlite pipe was located, the draining procedure of the lake took months. After this procedure was finished, a dame had to be created to stop any water from flowing into the pit during extraction. Diamonds were very easily found at this time, and then sent out to be processed.

As one of the largest diamond mines in Canada, the Ekati Mine produces diamonds that are some of the purest. This may be why Canada has 6% of the world demand for diamonds. Yet, getting that perfect diamond takes processing. Processing the ore is one of the more complicated processes. One the ore is extracted, it must be sent to the processing plant. Once in the plant, the ore is put on a conveyor belt to be screened, scrubbed, pumped, screened to size, washed, separated, screened again, and then separated from the Earth. After this ore is completely stripped, it is sent to the sawing room where the diamond is then ground until it is cut completely in half. It is soon sent to the bruiting room where the diamonds pieces are formed into circles and than polished and examined to be sure the diamond is perfect.

Yet before that perfect diamond could even reach the stores to be sold, many environmental laws must be followed for the mine to be able to sustain. The federal government of Canada has been after the Ekati Mine for over twenty years claiming that any Northern Development projects have to be screened and tested for the impacts that may be caused socially and environmentally. In 14, the Ekati Mine was assessed by B.H.P, along with many other committees. Two years later, B.H.P, go the go ahead to be able to perform their duties. With that, the mine was able to produce wonderful diamonds for the world admire.

Truly, diamonds are a wonderment. Whether it be their looks, their origination, the methodical way they are created, and the way they do not harm the environment, which is very important to an everyday life. With the Ekati Mine in place, diamonds will be around for a very long time. After all, diamonds are forever.

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Fashion

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The Color Purple is the story of a broke African American woman living in the south between World War 1 and World War . At this time, even though slavery had ended, many women, black and white, were still practically in oppression, and had to put up with several conditions that were reminiscent of the days of slavery. The problem was that they had to suffer being treated like an inferior being by their own families sometimes, as well as from the white community that lived there. It was a time that was filled with misery for many African American women, and they felt powerless to do anything about their situations. The novel focuses mainly on an African American woman named Celie, who has lived a hard life already when, at the age of 14 she begins writing notes to God to have someone to confide in, and tell her thoughts and secrets to. In her first note, she says I have always been a good girl. Maybe you can give me a sign letting me know what is happening to me. Already at that young age she has been taking care of her siblings, and has been working very hard at trying to get something of an education. She has been raped by her daddy repetitively because, as he says, You gonna do what your mammy wouldn't. She has had two children by him already, and he's taken both of them away right after they were born. She thinks he might have murdered one, but later finds out that he sold them to a couple in town. Celie doesn't do anything about her situation, because she's used to being treated like that. She's terrified, and she worries for her sister Nettie too, when her Pa starts looking at her the same way.

Sooner or later, a man referred to as Mr. comes along and wants to marry Nettie, but he's too old for her, and ends up marrying Celie. Mr. takes a couple of months to think it over, but goes ahead and marries her because he needs somebody to watch over his children. It's not so much he wants a relationship, he just wants someone to mind of things for him so he doesn't have to do much, and he wants something else when he wants it. Her father even tells Mr. that She ugly... But she ain't no stranger to hard work. And she clean. And God fixed her. You can do everything just like you want to and she ain't gonna make you feed it or clothe it. As soon as she is married, she is being abused by Mr.. She has to work the fields, raise his children (one of which splits her head open with a rock on the day she gets married), and suffer beatings whenever he gets angry about something and wants to take it out on her. One time when Mr. is asked by his son Harpo why he beats Celie, he tells him Cause she my wife. Plus, she stubborn. All women good for- he don't finish. She tells God about how He beat me like he beat the children.... Cept he don't never hardly beat them. He say, Celie, git the belt. The children be outside the room peeking through the cracks. It all I can do not to cry. I make myself wood. I say to myself, Celie, you a tree. That's how come I know trees fear man.

Life goes on, until she meets a couple of women that change her life around. The first woman she meets is Sophia, who marries Harpo. She isn't afraid to stand up for herself, even to a man. When Mr. asks Harpo if he ever beats her, Harpo is embarrassed, and says that he hasn't. So Mr. tells him he should, because Wives is like children. You have to let 'em know who got the upper hand. Nothing can do that better than a good sound beating. While he may have thought he gave his son some good advice, when Harpo tries it, Sophia knocks him right back into place by beating him up instead. When Celie and Sophia talk about Mr., Sophia tells her You ought to bash Mr. head open., but she knows she would never get away with it. She's just coping with things as they are because that was the way she'd always been raised and treated. It's almost common to her, but at the same time, she admires the way Sophia can take care of herself, and I think she wished she was fearless enough to do the same. Sophia eventually leaves Harpo because of the way she is mistreated, but Celie finds out that she's not so lucky when she shows her attitude to the Mayor and his wife in town one day. When she's asked if she'd like to be a maid, she replies Hell, no. When the mayor asks her what she said, she repeats it, and he slaps her. With that, Sophia hits him back, and ends up getting beaten up herself, and put in jail. She gets out after Mr. and some others come up with a plan, but has to spend the rest of her sentence as a maid, living under the house where she is working off the rest of her time. The lesson for Celie (and others) is that although Sophia got away with standing up to Harpo and other black people, she found out that she couldn't get away with it around everyone. The other person that changes Celie's life and finally gives her some self confidence is Shug Avery, a singer that coincidentally was in love with Mr. years before. They wanted to get married, but couldn't because he was forced to marry another woman that was prearranged for him. In another kind of twist, Shug is very mean to Celie when she first arrives at their house to get over being sick, and it is because she is to some extent jealous of Celie being married to the man she wanted to marry. Also, one of the reasons that Mr. beat Celie sometimes was because he was married to her, and she wasn't Shug. After some time, the two women get to talking and find that they do like each other, eventually ending up being just more than friends. They form a strong friendship, and Celie finally realizes what it is like to be in love with someone else, not like a sister, but more like a companion, even though Shug is not a man. Over the years they get closer and closer, and one night, even though Shug had gotten married to a man named Grady, they talk about Celie's life. She tells Shug that Mr. come git me to take care his rotten children. He never ast me nothing bout myself. He clam on top of me and fuck and fuck, even when my head bandaged. Nobody ever love me. Shug replies, I love you, Miss Celie. And then she haul off and kiss me on the mouth. With Shug on her side, and making her feel that she is worth something besides being a servant for everyone but herself, she finally starts to get some self worth. The last straw was when after years of not having any contact with her sister Nettie (she had run away after her father tried to get her, too, and ended up living with Celie for a short time until Mr. tried the same thing), she discovers all of the letters that Nettie had written her ever since she had left. Mr. had told her that she would never hear from Nettie again, and every time another letter would come for Celie, he would bury it in a strongbox upstairs, and not tell Celie about it. One day, Shug tells her to come with her after she'd gotten the key for the box, and they find ... way down under his tobacco, Nettie's letters. Bunches and bunches of them. Some fat, some thin. Some open, some not. Many years worth of letters, in which Celie finds out that Nettie became a missionary in Africa, and she has been watching over the children that Celie had years before, Adam and Olivia. She is also overjoyed to find out that her children are okay, and that it wasn't her Pa that had raped her when she was 14, but her stepfather, so her children won't be dunces as she's been told that children of incest are. When she knows that Nettie is still living, her attitude changes a little more. She writes one letter to God saying Now I know Nettie alive I begin to strut a little bit. Think, when she comes home us leave here. Her and me and our two children. She finally gets the courage to stand up for herself one day when Shug says that she and Grady are going to leave for Memphis, and then says that Celie is going with them. Mr. starts to protest, saying Over my dead body, but Celie finally tells him off, calling him a lowdown dog and informing him your dead body just the welcome mat I need. She tells him You took my sister Nettie away from me.. and she was the only person love me in the world. Celie ends up going with Shug to Memphis, living in her home with her, and starting her own business, finally finding some gladness. She waits for her sister to come back and be reunited with her, and wants to see her children again, too. While she is creating a life for herself there, she finds out that she has been left a house with a storefront when her stepfather died. It belonged to her real father, and after her mother died, her stepfather didn't say anything and kept it to himself. Now that he was gone, it came back to her and Nettie. She sets up her business there, sewing and selling clothing, and waiting for her sister to come home with her children. Celie has at last gotten her confidence and her independence when Sophia tells her about a change in Mr. after she left him. She says one day that I know you won't believe this, Miss Celie, but Mr. act like he trying to git religion. When Celie talks to him next, he is more civilized to her than he has ever been up to that point. They make some conversation and eventually get to talk about things (especially Shug, who'd run off with someone else to New Orleans for a last fling). After they talk a few times, Celie gets along with him better, and even gets around to using his name, calling him Albert, instead of Mr.. She notices the change in him and his attitude towards women, and one conversation helps her learn why. They are talking about Shug, and Albert tells Celie how she stood up to him one time. She say Albert, you been mistreating somebody I love. So as far as you concern, I'm gone. Albert and Celie have quite a few conversations where they get to know each other better than they probably ever had, talking about religion, kids, and going over things that happened in their past. He seems to be remorseful about the way he had treated her, and apologizes for beating her just because she wasn't Shug. Celie teaches him to sew clothing, and he starts to take pleasure in it. Took me long enough to notice you such good company he tells her, and she says, He ain't Shug, but he begin to be somebody I can talk to. After years of not seeing her sister, and then years of using the letters to God and then to Nettie as a sort of lifeline, Celie's life was finally getting in order. She finds that she can be joyful and satisfied having her own life, without being treated like a doormat by others. She is finally truthfully delighted with her life and the way it is going, apart from for one thing. Her life is absolute when, after years of wondering about her sister, and then years of waiting, Nettie finally comes home, bringing their children, and Adam's wife from Africa. As Celie puts it, I feel a little peculiar around the children. For one thing, they had grown. And I see they think me and Nettie and Shug and Albert and Samuel and Harpo and Sophia and Jack and Odessa real old and don't know much what going on. But I don't think us feel old at all. And us so happy. Matter of fact, I think this the youngest us ever felt. With her long lost sister, and her kids reunited with her after so much time, there really wouldn't be any other way to feel besides young again, except for maybe an urge to make up for lost time. Now that she's being treated like she should be, it should be easier to make up the time to her family, because she can be herself, and be contented about it. That's saying a bunch after all she's been through, and Celie will definitely make the best of her as of this point on.

Please note that this sample paper on Fashion is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Fashion, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Fashion will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Why Sammy Really Quits

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Why Sammy Really Quits

At first glance, Sammy, the first-person narrator of John Updike's A & P, would seem to present us with a simple and plausible explanation as to why he quits his job at the grocery store mentioned in the title he is standing up for the girls that his boss, Lengel, has insulted. He even tries to sell us on this explanation by mentioning how the girls' embarrassment at the hands of the manager makes him feel inside and by referring to himself as their unsuspected hero after he goes through with his gesture (Updike 60). Upon closer examination, though, it does not seem plausible that Sammy would have quit in defense of girls whom he quite evidently despises, despite the lustful desires they invoke, and a more likely explanation of his action lie in his boredom with his menial job and his desire to rebel against his parents and society as a whole.

While it's true that Sammy finds the three scantily clad girls who enter the supermarket attractive, as would most nineteen-year-old males, what is most notable about his descriptions of the girls, and particularly of the leader of the group, is that Sammy holds them in contempt. Once we get beyond the descriptions of their bodies, we see nothing but derogatory comments directed at them, including the nicknames that Sammy assigns to them. Nowhere is this more evident than in Sammy's description of the leader, Queenie. The nickname assigned to her by Sammy points out the stereotypical snap judgment that Sammy makes about her personality and social status initially, and to which Sammy rigidly adheres despite no real evidence of its accuracy. From the description of her prima donna legs, to his imagining of the type of party thrown by her supposedly rich parents, to his interpretation of her facial expression when confronted by Lengel (she remembers her superior social status), Sammy consistently portrays the girl as a stuck-up, spoiled rich kid who is just out to shake up the middle-class A & P. The notion that he would quit his job in defense of this person that he so evidently despises is ludicrous. In fact, prior to the description of Lengel's encounter with the girls, Sammy as much as admits the validity of the exact same objection that Lengel has to them, their appearance in swimsuits, when he offers us a description of the A & P's location in the middle of town, miles from any beach, and where the women generally put on a shirt or shorts or something before they get out of the car into the street (Updike 606).

A more likely explanation for Sammy's abrupt resignation from his job is his complete boredom with it. This dissatisfaction with his work situation is plainly seen in his regard for a group that Sammy holds in even more contempt than the girls the regular, paying customers. His references to them as sheep, house slaves and pigs reveals his attitude toward the group that keeps his employer in businessand Sammy in a job that he hates. His diatribe at the story's beginning directed at the witch who points out to him that he rang up the same purchase twice shows the unreasonable nature of this contempt for the customers the mistake was quite clearly Sammy's, yet he lashes out at a customer who simply did what any reasonable person would have done in pointing out the cashier's mistake. Sammy's cash register song and his delight with the girls' breaking up the orderly shopping of the sheep, who are merely trying to buy the items on their grocery lists, further point out the scorn that Sammy has for his menial job. It is also clear from his mockery of Stokesie's ambitions to remain employed at the market and work his way up to manager some sunny day that he has no such long-term employment plans of his own. The embarrassment of the girls gives him just the excuse that he needs to do what he has evidently wished to do for a long time quit his job.

That Sammy needs an excuse to quit is evident in his revelations about his family and their desire to see him in the cashier's job; Sammy views quitting the job as his way to assert his own independence. After all, Sammy introduces the climactic encounter between Lengel and the girls by telling us that his family thinks that the events that culminate in his resignation constitute the sad part of the story, although he is quick to add that he does not share this assessment. Sammy also implies that it was his parents who got him this job in the first place through their friendship with Lengel He's been a friend of my parents for years (Updike 60). And Lengel's reminder to Sammy that he does not want to do this to [his] parents when he abruptly announces his resignation serves as yet another link between obedience to parents and employment at the A & P. This also explains Sammy's evident contempt for yet another fixture at the A & P Lengel. In Lengel's paternalistic reminder to the girls about the impropriety of their attire, as well as in his patient attempt to talk Sammy out of quitting his job, we can hear the voice of the parental figure. Lengel represents the middle-class respectability that Sammy so evidently despises in his own parents, as revealed in his description of the type of party that they throw, where cheap beer in cartoon glasses constitutes a racy affair. This is apparently the type of life that Sammy's parents have already mapped out for him in securing him a position at the A & Pthe type of life that Sammy so desperately wants to avoid. In saying no to Lengel's suggestion that he relent and keep his job, Sammy is actually saying no to his parents and their attempt to put him on the road to middle-class.

In the final analysis, it would seem that the most obvious explanation for why Sammy quits his jobthe one that he impliesis actually the least plausible. While Sammy would like to portray himself as the fearless defender of the delicate sensibilities of innocent girls, the reality is that Sammy's motives in quitting have far more to do with his own sensibilities than with those of the three girls.

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Classification of flexibility

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Classification of Flexibility

Although often the taxonomies presented are

the result of mixed logics, four different

classification logics can be found (1) horizontal or

by phases; () Vertical or Hierarchical; () Temporal;

(4) By the object of the variation. Among the mixed

logics, the most common is that which takes into

account both the time and the object of the

variation.Horizontal classification of flexibility

Horizontal classification of flexibility is aimed

at limiting the analysis. It makes reference to the

single manufacturing stages, and , in a wider sense,

to all the phases which constitute the 'value chain',

which also include upstream design and

purchasing; downstream distribution and

customer service. More simply, one may distinguish

between internal flexibility (product/process design

and production flexibility) and external flexibility

(purchasing and distribution flexibility). The later is

relative to the need to meet the requirements of

customers, whereas the former to the need to meet

them in an efficient manner. Therefore, in Lynch

and Cross's (11) pyramid, flexibility is in a

central position on its left there is customer

satisfaction, which is an external performance, and

on its right there is productivity, which is an internal

performance. There are also lower-level

performances product quality and delivery

reliability constitute the customer satisfaction;

delivery reliability and short process lead times

improve the flexibility; short process lead times and

process quality and cost influence the productivity.

Vertical classification of flexibility

The vertical (or hierarchical) classification of

flexibility concerns the degree of detail of the analyzed object flexibility may be estimated in

relation to the single resources of a system (micro

level) or to the whole system (macro level).

Gerwin (187) in particular describes four

levels at which flexibility may be analyzed and

measured plant and machine level; production

function and work department level; product or

product line level; global level of the firm.

Mair (14) distinguishes three levels of

flexibility a 'micro' level, characterized by the

flexibility of workers, machines and organization; a

level of factory flexibility; a level of flexibility of

the corporation's network.

On the other hand, Swamidass (188) makes a

distinction between machine-level and plant-level

flexibility the former is exclusively technological,

whereas the latter also takes into account the firm's

skills, the procedures adapted, managerial systems,

etc.

Temporal classification of flexibility

Zelenovich (18) was the first to consider

short-term or adaptation flexibility as well as

medium-long-term flexibility, which is typically

related to design adequacy. The first complete

classification of flexibility on temporal bases was

given by Merchant (18), who makes a distinction

between

(1) instantaneous flexibility, the ability to

immediately select the most suitable work

center for carrying out the operation

required by the work cycle of a certain

part;

() very short-term flexibility, the ability to

modify the sequence and mix of the parts

produced;

() short-term flexibility, the ability to modify

certain design specification of the parts of

the products;

(4) short-to medium-term flexibility, the

ability of the system to work at the

maximal levels of productivity when

production volumes are varied;

(5) medium-term flexibility, the possibility to

add or eliminate parts from the mix of

parts being produced.

(6) medium-to long-term flexibility, the

possibility to modify the manufacturing

capacity by adding or eliminating work

centers;

(7) long-term flexibility, the possibility to

adapt the system to new types of products or mix of components.

The classification of flexibility on temporal

logic found in literature usually follow the

above-mentioned lines.

Classification of flexibility by the object of

variation

A classification often cited in literature is that

by Browne (184) which, taking into account the

Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS), considers

eight different types or dimensions of flexibility

(1) Machine flexibility the ease of change to

process a given set of part types;

() Product flexibility the ability to change to

process new part types;

() Process flexibility the ability to produce a

given set of part types;

(4) Operation flexibility the ability to

interchange ordering of operations on a

part;

(5) Routing flexibility the ability to process a

given set of parts on alternative machines;

(6) Volume flexibility the ability to operate

profitably at varying overall levels;

(7) Expansion flexibility the ability to easily

add capacity and capacity;

(8) Production flexibility the universe of part

types that can be processed.

Classification of flexibility according to more

than one variable (mixed classification)

As previously mentioned, although

classifications of flexibility according to one

variable (phase, level of analysis, time horizon or

the object of the variation) are the most common in

literature, mixed logics are also adopted. The most

common are those which consider both the object of

the variation and time, or both the object of the

variation and level of analysis (vertical logics).

Conclusion

The paper gives a summary of the definition

and classification of flexibility. Based on the firm's

context and other disciplines separately, three kinds

of explanations of flexibility are induced. Then the

classification of flexibility is discussed. The

classification of flexibility can be generalized from

five aspects horizontal, vertical, temporal, the

object of variation and mixed.

In conclusion, flexibility is a important subject

with complex understandings and many questions,

which require a future effort both of theoretical and

empirical research.

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Sitar

If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on sitar. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality sitar paper right on time.

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The sitar is a musical instrument developed in India. India is isolated in location, bordered by the Himalayas, world's tallest mountains to the north, and to the south by the Indian Ocean. The music in India dates back to very ancient primitive times up to the present. In fact, Prajnanananda, a historian-musicologist of India, believes that there were very civilized people in India that were artistic and played instruments as much as 5000 years ago (). This considerable amount of time created a great deal of advancement and development in the evolution of India's musical concepts. Another Indian music historian, Bandyopadhya, believes that music evolved with the evolution of humanity (1). In fact, the oldest documents of music in India are a collection of Vedic religious hymns, called saman, which were meant to be performed during sacrifices around 4500 B.C. (Nijenhuis 1). Because of this isolation and the thousands of years of its evolution, Indian music developed a very different sound and feel from music of the rest of the world. The sitar, an instrument that when played by someone who has studied Indian music for many years, can beautifully demonstrate this eastern musical art.

There are many legends and myths that claim to portray the origins of Indian Music (Rosenthal ). It is taught that the Hindu holy trinity created music (Shankar 15). A legend that tells how music was learned on Earth is said to have taken place long ago, when the world was in chaos and everyone were, in the western sense, sinners. Seeing the chaos, some gods asked the supreme god, Brahma, to give the people a toy, which could be seen and heard. They also requested Brama to make the toy a distraction for the people, away from their bad ways.(Rosenthal 4) It was decided to give the celestial art of sangeet to mankind. A suitable human had to be found, one who was capable of receiving this gift.

Sangeet is a broader term, including the arts of vocal singing, or gayaki, instrumental music, or vadhya, and dancing, also known as nritya (Prajnanananda 4). The reason the word Sangeet includes these three art forms is because it was customary to perform mythological dramas (Rosenthal 4). These dramas used dancers to mime the story, instrumentalist to play the music, and a singer to tell and sing the story. According to the legend, Sangeet had previously only existed in the realm of the demigods (Rosenthal 4). A human of superior spiritual ability was required to convey this heavenly art to the human world. Narada, a sage, was chosen to be the first mortal recipient of this celestial art (Rosenthal 5). Narada is said to be responsible for the existence of Indian classical music.

Classical Indian music is believed to be more than just entertainment. For the people of India, it is a moral and spiritual redeemer (Bandyopadhya ). Therefore, there are heavenly qualities inborn in the education of the musician. They are guru, vinaya and sadhana (Shankar 11). This means teacher, humility, and discipline. The guru, is the teacher, a necessity in traditional Indian musical education. Music is said to be guru mukha-vidhya, which means wisdom and enlightenment must come from a teacher (Shankar 1). This enlightenment is thought to be the highest form of knowledge. Conventional teaching of this music is based upon the transfer of knowledge from the guru, to the disciple, also known as a shishya. This unbroken tradition is known as parampara (Shankar 14). This guru-shishya-parampara tradition extends back thousands of years.

The second aspect of education of Indian music is vinaya, humility (Shankar 1). This reflects the heavenly origins of the art, because vinaya is a divine quality. Classical music is said to be a worship that involves both the listener and the artist alike (Shankar 15). Humility is important because if you think you already know everything, then there is nothing to learn.

The last requirement for learning the classical music of India is sadhana, discipline and practice (Shankar 1). Sadhana is important for two reasons. In one way, the divine origins of sangeet require that the student must be prepared to receive this knowledge. From an educational standpoint, the music is so complex and elaborate that the student needs to spend many years practicing. Without this control and devotion for practice, the student certainly will not be able to master the music. These Qualities of Indian classical music have been passed on From Teacher to student for many years and has remained, for the most part, unchanged.

The art of the music itself has developed many different aesthetic qualities. Indian music is based on melodies and rhythm, but has no system of harmony or counterpoint (Shankar 17). The form for the melody has developed greatly. The way the melody works is through the concept of raga. The concept of raga was developed from parent scales called jati (Kuppudwami 4-5). The word raga comes from Sanskrit and means to color or passion (Shankar 17). The concept of Ragga, also called rag, may be thought of as a method of coloring the mind of the listener with an emotion (Shankar 0). Raga is the basis for Indian classical music, and can be played very beautifully on the sitar. Raga took the form used today in the seventeenth century (Nijenhuis 5). Raga is quite different from anything musically western. It is not a tune, melody, scale, or mode. It is a combination of different characteristics that form the rag.

The notes of the Indian music scale that make the rag are called saptaka, which means the series of seven (Nijenhuis 1). Therefore there are seven notes in the scale. The different notes have different levels of significance. A note that is strongly emphasized is called vadi (Nijenhuis 5). This note is the most important and shows the rasa, or the emotion of the raga (Shankar 17). Notes that are de-emphasized are referred to as durbal, while notes, which are excluded are called vivadi (Nijenhuis 5). There are also notes in-between the saptaka notes. They are microtones and are called shurits (Prajnanananda 16). The octave, or the distance between one note and the same note at one higher pitch, according to sitarist Ravi Shankar, can be divided into sixty six units (18).

In northern Indian music, where the sitar is played, the modal structure of the seven notes is called that. Generally there are ten accepted thats, twenty in widespread usage, out of a total of thirty-two possible (Prajnanananda 16). The word jati is also used to describe the number of notes used in a mode (Nijenhuis 5). The number of notes in the rag is significant, for not every one uses all seven notes. Normally, a rag will consist of five, six, or a full seven notes. Rags may be mixed jatis; there may be different jatis for the ascending and the descending structures (Shankar 155).

Tradition names certain rags to specific times of the day, seasons, or holidays; this is called samay (Shankar 4). There are some musicians who argue that a rag must be performed at the time of day that it is assigned; on the contrary, other musicians argue that one may play a rag at any time if one wishes to evoke the mood of that time (Shankar 4).

Another characteristic of raga is how it moves. The arohana is the pattern in which a rag ascends the scale, and avarohana is the way that the rag descends the scale (Shankar ). Both the arohana and avarohana may use certain distinguishing twists and turns. These twisting movements are examples of the pakad or swarup, which are defining phrases or a characteristic pattern for a rag (Shankar ). Sometimes the pakad is unique to the rag it is played in, and not implied by arohana or avarohana (Shankar ). Often the pakad includes a specific elaboration and ornamentation (Shankar 4). Not every rag has a clear pakad.

Ornamentation is essential for the correct performance of the rag, and makes notes seem alive (Shankar ). The ornamentation may be part of the pakad, or a performer may improvise them (Shankar ). Some common ornaments that can be played on the sitar are kampita, ahata, and tiripa. Kampita is a shaking sound, ahata is when more than one note is played with a single stroke, and tiripa is the stressing of a note in a phrase (Shankar ). In addition, notes may also be sharpened or flattened. Some rags use lower forms of some notes as part of their definition (Shankar 4). In many cases these ornaments have no theoretical significance and are just used to add to the composition.

The sitar is a very well known Indian instrument. It has a long neck, which is around thirty-five inches long (Cutchey). It has a varying number of strings, usually from seventeen to twenty. It has three to four playing strings and three to four drone strings, which rest on the separate bridges. The main bridge, which is as wide as the neck and approximately one inch high. This bridge is made of antelope horn, is slightly curved, and is responsible for the buzzing sound of the sitar (Cutchey). These strings are plucked with a wire pick, called a mizrad that one would wear over the right index finger (Cutchey). This wire pick is placed on the right index finger. There are also a series of sympathizing strings lying underneath the frets that rest on a smaller bridge. These strings are almost never played, but they make noise any time the identical note on a fretted or drone string is splayed (Cutchey). The frets are metal rods, which have been bent into crescents, and are perpendicular to the strings(Cutchey). These frets are tied on and can be moved to play different tunings. The main resonator is usually made of a gourd and there is usually an additional resonator that is attached to the neck. The right hand rests on the Gourd and balances the instrument (Cutchey). The right hand is used to control the rhythm of a composition, and the left controls the melody (Cutchey). The tuning of the sitar can vary. There is no fixed frequency for the notes, and the tuning, as well as the placement of the frets can vary from raga to raga (Cutchey).

One theory has the sitar evolving from the ancient veenas or vina (Kuppuswamy 14). Another theory is that the inventor of the sitar was Amir Kusrau, who lived in the fourteenth century (Cutchey). There has also been a study that put the date of the invention of the sitar at only the nineteenth century (Cutchey).

Today's sitar is widely used in the northern, hindustaini tradition. It took the place of then prevalent veenas, which are considered the national instrument of India (Shankar 6). The playing style of the hindustaini tradition is greatly influenced by singing and drumming techniques (Cutchey). It is evident that it evolved from the Persian lutes that had been played for thousands of years (Cutchey). Indian artists such as Ravi Shankar, Balram Pathak, Enayat Kan, and Budhaditya Mukherjee have made this instrument popular around the world (Cutchney).

Bandyopadhyaya, S. Indian Music Through the Ages. Delhi B.R. Publishing Corporation, 185.

Cutchey, Peter. About the Sitar. Buckingham Music. March , 00. httpwww.buckinghammusic.com/sitar/aboutsitar.html.

Kuppuswamy, Growry. Indian Music A Perspective. Delhi Sundeep Prakashan, 180.

Nijenhuis, Emmie Te. Indian Music History and Structure. Belgium Tuta Sub Aegide Pallas, 174.

Prajnanananda, Swami. A Historical study of Indian Music. Calcutta Sri Manoranjan Mazumar, 165.

Rosenthal, Ethel. The Story of Indian Music and Instruments. London William Reeves Bookseller Limited, 18.

Shankar, Ravi. My Music, My Life. New York Simon and Schuster, 168.

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Commercialism and Privacy

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Commercialism and Privacy

Summary

Industries gather information about consumers, and advertise to consumers that go greatly beyond what is acceptable. We do not own our own information, and Spam, like calls from telemarketers invade our privacy. However, there are market solutions to these problems that will hopefully allow us to regain what is ours.

Introduction

Commercialism has intruded into just about every part of our existence, and e-commerce has propelled this intrusion exponentially. Commercialism is not necessarily bad in itself, but because of industries' insatiable desire to gain the competitive advantage, they gather information about consumers, and advertise to consumers that go greatly beyond what is acceptable. Firms have invaded our privacy, and consumers are fed-up with this invasion. Consumer rebellion will open the doors for market solutions to these market problems.

Anonymity

Every time we sign up for a free email account, fill out a survey on line, or request free information, we give away a little bit of information about ourselves. Simply visiting a web site provides valuable information to industry about ourselves. Each incident in many cases is not significant, but the accumulative effects of the information can become serious intrusions on our privacy. The accumulation of this information provides firms profiles of existing and potential customers. Consumers are becoming very wary of this loss of privacy and anonymity, and feel that these profiles belong to the consumer, not the firm.

One method of gathering information about a consumer is the Internet Service Provider. ISPs knows who you are and knows every web site you visit. Consumers have complained about this, so some ISPs have advertised that they will not to sell your web surfing information. AOL at one time stated that they do not gather information on their customers web activity at all, but they may have changed their mind, because there is no evidence of this claim on line. As people become more concerned about their privacy, demand for ISPs that provide the consumer greater anonymity while web surfing will dramatically increase. ISPs are not the only companies that gather information. Other firms besides ISPs use various means to track consumers activities on the Internet for sell and use. Now, companies like Anoymizer.com and Evidence Washer sell software that protects your Internet privacy. The fact that these and many other companies sell this sort of software shows there is a growing demand for privacy protection. Using ISPs that do not collect information about you, and using software to prevent other companies from collecting information about your web activities are only two possible solutions.

The most powerful market solution to privacy on the Internet will occur when people stop voluntarily giving away information about themselves. Once consumers become wise to getting free service or information from a web site, they will stop giving up the information.

Spam

Email used to be one of the most efficient means of communications. One could read and reply to ten emails in the time it took to have one telephone conversation. Email was a great convenience because one could read and send emails at his leisure. Not any more. As more and more people began using email, businesses realized that email was a great advertising medium. It could reach millions of people almost instantly at virtually no cost. Because of commercial Spam, email now invades our privacy and wastes our time. This is a major problem.

Since reading email has become more of a burden than in the past, consumers may simply dramatically reduce or quit using email for communications. This solution will reduce the number of hits or reduce the number of available email addresses for Spam to be as effective. Because Spam email has an extremely low marginal cost, there does not have to be many people for Spam to be profitable. There is not much difference between one hit in one hundred thousand and one hit in two hundred thousand, when the cost remains about the same for both. But this solution may force many Spam advertisers to drop out of the market.

The market has provided other solutions for an attempt to stop Spam. Just about every ISP has an email option to reduce Spam with various filter and options. Also, email programs have filters to reduce Spam. Programs like Spamkiller and MailWasher have become market solutions to reduce the intrusion of Spam. Since Spam is still a very important tool that many advertisers want to use, Spam firms will make every effort to bypass Spam software and filters. There will be a constant battle for the anti-Spam software companies to keep up. This will also require users to constantly upgrade their software, which will generate profits for the anti-Spam companies. So, more Spam means more profit for anti-Spam companies. I suspect it would be profitable to be a Spam advertising provider and anti-Spam software provider, because the firm would generate revenue from both markets.

The United States Postal Service will soon start selling guaranteed email for a few cents. This could be yet another solution to the Spam email problem. With people applying software, filters, and exception lists to their email accounts, many legitimate emails may not get through. However, if FedEx, UPS, or USPS provides a guaranteed email service for a fee, users could allow the fee based emails to come through, because advertisers could not afford to send 50 million Spam emails. This would dramatically increase Spam advertiser marginal costs. Even if it only cost two cents to send a guaranteed email, the cost would be prohibitive.

Conclusion

Lack of on-line privacy, and unwanted emails invades our privacy because of excessive commercialism, is a serious problem. With a combination of paid for services, software, and a change in behavior, users can dramatically reduce information gathered on them and slow or eliminate Spam. This will costs firms, and will reduce their profits enough to force many of the them to drop out of the market.

Please note that this sample paper on Commercialism and Privacy is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Commercialism and Privacy, we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on Commercialism and Privacy will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Taming of the shrew

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William Shakespeare's play The taming of the shrew is a lighthearted, slapstick comedy written in the 150's. This particular era is classified as the Elizabethan era. This famous play has been chiefly based on courtship and the concerns of married life. Both of these characteristics were profoundly relevant to society at this time, in fact this was a society concerned with marriage in general. People living in this era often married for power, land or money rather then for love. Marital disputes became very popular in literature, as this era did not offer any avenues out of an unhappy marriage.

The laws and practices of these times also did not allow women to have the same opportunities as men. Women were said to be under the authority of their husbands and society would not allow women to perform in plays. In fact, in this era, men acted out all the male and female roles.

Another concern of this society was shrews, that is a woman with a violent, scolding, or nagging temperament. Katherina has demonstrated this idea in the play. Women were expected to act a particular way, and any woman with a willful temperament or who challenged the authority of men, was classified as a shrew. It was for these reasons that men set out to tame their wives into the way society felt they should behave. Taming can be defined as being brought from wildness into a domesticated or tractable state. This idea of one taming a shrew is brought out through the main plot of the willful Kate and the equally stubborn Petruchio.

Shakespeare has used the idea of deception in his play to reflect the opinions of this society. This idea of deception has been furthered with the use of disguise. Deception can be defined as to give a false impression and to cause to believe what is not true. Shakespeare brings out this deception in his play through the characters. He does this by using a variety of techniques such as disguise. Disguise is defined as being to modify the manner and/or appearance of, in order to prevent recognition. Throughout the play this main idea of deception and disguise is ably bought out through plots. They include the introductory plot of Christopher Sly, the main plot of Petruchio and Kate and the sub-plot of Bianca and her suitors.

The first story of deception found in the play concerns Christopher Sly. The first scene opens in an English country alehouse in the late 1500's. Sly has been knocked unconscious as a result of consuming an excessive amount of alcohol. It is at this point that a lord discovers Sly, and he decides it would be very entertaining for him to play a trick on the drunken beggar. Sirs, I will practice on this drunken man. The Lord commands his men to take the sleeping Sly up to his extravagant bedroom and when he awakes, they are to tell him that he is a noble man who has been asleep for many years. . Wrapp'd in sweet clothes, rings put upon his fingers,

A most delicious banquet by his bed. The Lord also commands his men to dress Sly in the most sumptuous clothes and to feed him the finest of foods in order to convince Sly that he really is a nobleman.

Sly at first is confused as to what is going on, but remains sure of himself and insists that he is not a lord. I am Christopher Sly; call not me honor nor

lordship. He resists the Lord and his servants and he only relents when he is informed that he has a wife. It is at this point that Sly instantly reverses himself. Am I a lord? And have I such a lady? Sly is so caught up in the fact that he may be able to bed this woman, that he stops contradicting the Lord and his servants. Are you my wife and will not call me husband? My men should call me lord I am your goodman. Sly becomes oblivious to the situation and his mind is now set on getting this woman into bed. Madam, undress you and come now to bed.

His speech also is disguised. Sly eventuates from speaking in prose, to speaking in verse. This is very humorous as verse is usually reserved for those in the higher class of society. Sly uses this technique to make him self appear accomplished and wealthy.

Sly is not the only one applying deception within the Introduction. The Lord and his servants have also deceived Sly through the use of disguise. The Lord has done this by forcing Sly to live a life where he is a nobleman, with all the luxuries included. As soon as Sly awoke they began filling his head with nonsense and insisting that he was a wealthy nobleman. Sly was offered the finest of foods and the finest of clothing in order to further this deception and make him truly believe that he is a wealthy Lord.

The sub plot of the play involves Bianca and her suitors. This play-within a play is taken place in Padua, Italy. Lucentio, a young gentleman from Verona arrives accompanied by his suitor when he notices Baptista Minola and his two young daughters Bianca and her older sister Kate. Bianca's suitors Gremio and Hortensio accompany them. While standing in the street, Lucentio over hears Baptista say that no one will marry Bianca, until Kate has found a suitor. That is, not bestow my youngest daughter, Before I have a husband for the elder By this point Lucentio has become totally enamored with Bianca and he devises a plan to get closer to Bianca. Lucentio is to disguise himself as a tutor named Cambio while Tranio pretends to be Lucentio.

It is obvious that this is an element of deception. Lucentio and Tranio have purposely disguised themselves in order to deceive Kate, Bianca, Baptista and the other suitors. They have used different clothing in order to accomplish this.

This is where the third, and main plot of the play begins. Bianca's suitors realize that they will not be able to ask for her hand unless they find a suitable suitor for her stubborn sister Kate. Petruchio, also from Verona, has arrived in Padua for one sole reason. To find himself a wife whom does a large dowry accompany. He does not care if she is a shrew or not. Hortensio, another gentlemen also in want of Bianca's hand, agrees to introduce Petruchio to Kate. All three men, Hortensio, Gremio and Lucentio (posing as Tranio) agree to assist him in gaining access to the younger daughter.

Petruchio goes directly to Baptista is completely upfront with his intentions. He tells Baptista that he wealthy and Baptista welcomes Petruchio's offer. But Petruchio must first win Kate's love. Petruchio is certain that he can do so.

When Petruchio and Kate first meet, they flirt and take it in turns in verbally challenging each other. Kate continues to act shrewish and Petruchio claims that Kate is in love with him. The wedding plans begin and Bianca's suitors move in. Tranio/Lucentio promises enormous riches for Bianca, but Baptista wishes to mean Tranio/Lucentio's father in order to confirm this. Therefore Tranio/Lucentio must find a suitable man to pose as Vincentio.

The disguise and deception falls deeper and deeper as the plot continues. Not only do these young gentleman have to act as if they were someone else, but now Tranio/Lucentio must find another gentleman to act as his father in order for him to have Bianca's hand.

The whole wedding party has gathered for the event, except for the groom. Kate begins to show signs of humiliation. Now must the world point at poor Katherine,

And say, Lo, there is mad Petruchios wife, If it would please him come and marry her! This is significant as it is the first time, we the audience see Kate showing any signs of emotion.

When Petruchio eventually decides to make an appearance, his dress and behavior are both outrageous. Baptista objects to this and Petruchio replies that To me shes married, not unto my clothes… and then proceeds to take Kate off to the wedding.

It seems that Petruchio's state of mind has reversed. Previously he has been honest and upfront in his actions. Now he deceiving Kate by playing games and acting like someone he isn't'. He uses disguise to emphasize the fact that Kate is here to marry him, and not his clothing.

Once the wedding ceremony is completed Petruchio will not allow Kate to stay for the wedding feast. Instead he drags her from her father's house. The journey from Baptista's to Petruchio's house is not a pleasant one. The couple arrives tired, dirty, cold and hungry. Petruchio temps Kate with the finest of foods, but Petruchio is outraged and claims that the supper is unfit. He decides the pair will fast, and they pack up and go to bed. It is at this point that Petruchio admits he is going to tame his new wife like a falcon. He plans to deprive her of sleep, food and sex and claims he will be doing this all in loving care. Therefore killing her with kindness.

Petruchio has rises up to the challenge and begins acting as a reflection of Kate. He is rude, stubborn and willful. All the characteristics Katerina once possessed. He has in turn, deceived Kate by not acting him self, rather someone he certainly is not.

Meanwhile Hortensio and Tranio/Lucentio give up their quest for Bianca's hand when they find Lucentio/Cambio kissing her. Bianca is now engaged to Lucentio/Cambio. It seems the battle for Bianca's hand is over.

The next day Petruchio announces that the couple will be returning to Padua for Bianca's wedding. Katerina is excited for she hopes for new clothes. Petruchio again teases Kate by saying that the clothes are hideous and they will certainly not do. O mercy, God! What miscuing stuff is here? The couple will return to Padua, dressed as they are. Well, come, my Kate; we will unto your fathers

Even in these honest mean habiliments After all, tis the mind that makes the body rich;

Petruchio again is stamping his authority. He is sending a message to Kate that he is in charge, and if she wants any chance of happiness, she must agree with him.

Whilst walking back to Padua, Petruchio declares that the moon is shinny brightly, when in reality it is the sun. Kate contradicts her husband stating this, and he will not have it. He threatens that the pair will return home and not attend the wedding. At last, Katerina understands the point and states that it is the moon or the sun, or whatever he wishes it to be. What you will have it named, even that it is;

The mood calls for celebration, but before Petruchio and Kate return to Baptista's, Petruchio demands a kiss from his wife. It seems that the battle is over.

Back at the house, everyone claims that Petruchio has the worst of wives. Petruchio then suggests that they make a bet and she who's wife, in turn is the most obedient towards her husband. When Bianca and the Widow are called they refuse to come, but when Kate is summoned, she not only attends to her husband, but she also lectures the other wives on how they should behave towards their husbands. Thy husband is thy lord, thy life, thy keeper, Thy head, thy sovereign; one that cares for thee.

Kate has come along way from the beginning of the play; it appears that Kate has been tamed. Her attitude has completely changed, and her willful and stubborn behavior completely disappeared. Petruchio has succeeded in giving her a taste of her own medicine, and in turn molded her into a gentlewoman. Or has he? From this it can been seen that Shakespeare has used many levels of deception and disguise through out his play The taming of the shrew. So is this another level of deception? Has Kate really been tamed or is she simply playing along in a game with Petruchio once again?

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