What is the role and responses of Christianity and Islam in to the political issue of sexuality?

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In recent times gays and lesbians have rallied for the equality they believe they deserve in the community. Governments have long heard these cries and have revamped society's laws to satisfy the needs and wants of homosexuals. Things such as equal rights in marriage and parenting, the option for lesbian couples to use IVF treatment and recognition within the churches have long been the main objectives of homosexual activists during recent years in Australia. Churches in Australia have long had a role to play and response to all of the issues associated with sexuality debates.

The Christian church bases its faith and beliefs on the words of the Bible. This is why the church firmly believes that homosexuality is an abomination(the Holy Bible) and should be dealt with accordingly as it is a sin. However, in recent times the hierarchy's of many of the Christian denominations such as Catholicism, Church of England and Anglicans have expressed that they do not object to the individual being a homosexual. This is due to recent research results showing that homosexuality is a natural part of the full spectrum of human sexual activity. Christian denominations only object to those homosexuals who engage in sexual intercourse with someone of the same sex as it denies the belief that sexual intercourse is intended for procreation.

There is no doubt that in the Islamic faith that homosexuality is considered to be sinful. According to the beliefs of Muslims, homosexuality is considered to be a profound mistake, as it is not intending to do wrong. The Islamic faith also believes that humans are not homosexual by nature but become homosexuals because of their environment especially at the time of puberty. This is a key difference between Islamic faith and Christianity. As it is believed to be a sin in Islamic countries being a homosexual can result in the death penalty. In Australia this is not the case though Islamic groups here still believe that homosexuality is sin and should not be practised among it's followers.

Gays and lesbians have long rallied for the same rights that heterosexual partners enjoy when concerning marriage. In Australia same-sex marriages are not recognised by federal law. This means that same-sex relationships cannot receive dead partners superannuation because they are not recognised under federal law as being a partner. As of now homosexual relationships do not have equal rights to inheritance, medical decision-making and superannuation.

The Christian denominations in Australia such as Catholicism and The Church of England faith are in full support of the government's decision to not recognise same-sex marriages in Australia. They do so because they firstly believe that homosexuality is an abomination of the Lord. Secondly, the faiths see that these relationships are not seen as a union between male and female. This contradicts the often-final line of a Christian marriage service, I now pronounce you husband and wife. The Christian faiths believe that the recognition of same-sex partners is not the same as the union between husband and wife.

The Islamic faith also believes that same-sex relationships should not be recognised under their beliefs. The reasoning of this comes from ancient law of sexual activity. Islamic belief believes of a paradise for sexual activity. In this place they believe there are perpetual erections and countless orgasms. But due to human failure on earth this is not possible and so sexual intercourse should be kept to the confines of marriage and not outside so that human beings are not enticed to search for this paradise. This is the reasoning behind Islamic law saying that homosexuality is a sin and that same-sex relationships are not allowed in the Islamic faith.

Since the technological breakthrough of In-Vitro Fertilisation (IVF), homosexual groups have lobbied for the technology to be made available to lesbian couple's. At this point in time it is not made available to lesbian couple's wishing to start a family. Researches of the treatment knew at the time of its development it would be heavily scrutinised by major health groups and many moral discussions would be held on the subject. These include the big governmental discussion of who should be able to receive the treatment. Due to this Prime Minister Howard had come under scrutiny from many homosexual activists because he had declared that state parliaments should be able to declare who receives the treatment. Activists did not like this action taken by the Prime Minister because state laws at this point in time state that only heterosexual couples can receive the treatment.

The Christian churches also were involved in the discussions that took place over the treatment. The general view of the Catholic, Church of England and Anglican churches was that the treatment should still remain only available to those couples who could not produce children of their own due to medical problems. This view was shared throughout the churches because it still is the union between a man and women to procreate. A lesbian is believed to be different because often a male homosexual friend is the donor or the sperm is received from an anonymous donor. This is seen by the leaders of the church as adultery and in the teachings of the Bible adultery is a sin and should be dealt with accordingly or not be able to eventuate.

The Islamic faith has similar beliefs to the Christian denominations when concerning the treatment of IVF to lesbian couples in Australia. It believes that all creation should come from the uniting of man and women. This issue really only relates to non-Islamic countries as the Islamic countries do not have the technology to provide IVF to their people.

Since homosexuality come out of the closet it has fought for the recognition it deserves from the churches of Australia. Homosexual groups argue that they give more to the community than the credit they are given. Many homosexuals also feel the churches in Australia take advantage of the service they give to them.

The Catholic Church hierarchy feels there is no place for the homosexual community in the church. At a recent Roman Catholic service a group called the Rainbow Sash Movement were denied the right to receive communion by Archbishop George Pell. This act by Archbishop Pell caused outrage throughout the homosexual community and as a result the church came under a lot of scrutiny about their stance on homosexuality. However the Catholic Church and many other denominations still fail to recognise homosexuals in their church.

The Islamic faith also believes there is no room for homosexuals among their congregations. Although the church does not speak as publicly about the issue, there is still a strong feeling in the Islamic community that homosexuals should be elsewhere as they do not follow the teachings of the Holy Koran.

Homosexuals will long fight for what they believe is fair in the community and churches will go on following the beliefs they have been taught for thousands of years from holy texts such as the Bible and the Koran. However, times are always changing and in the not to distant future there may be lesbian couples with children or homosexual priests in the Catholic Church. This may be what is needed to keep Australia up with the ever-changing cultural concepts in this wide brown land.

·Roper, David Is Gay Good? Sep. 001.

URL www.pastornet.net.au/imm/aasi086.htm

·Goodenough, Patrick CNSNews.com May 0, 00

URL www.pastornet.net.au/imm/aasi/aasi0717.htm

·Author Unknown Islamic View on Homosexuality 000

URL www.yousef.nl/engels/islamic_studies.html

·Author Unknown Islam 000

URL www.glcnsw.org.au/pdf/11_religions.pdfn

·Author unknown What is Islam's view of Homosexuality? 000

URL www.islamic.org.uk/homosex.html

·Prager, Dennis Why Judaism Rejected Homosexuality 1

URL www.lukeford.net/Dennis/indexp.html

·Kelly, Michael Through wounds, healing flows Sydney Morning Herald 1/05/00 Pg 11

·Phelps, Kerryn The Ultimate discrimination - no children, no marriage Sydney Morning Herald /08/00 Pg 1

·Devine, Miranda Gays write marriage's death notice Sydney Morning Herald /08/00 Pg 1

·Millbank, Jenni Gay Families belie the old biases Sydney Morning Herald 5/0/00 Pg 1

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Exodus of engineers to maangement field

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An interesting development in the management field is the exodus of engineers from their traditional areas of expertise to management. In the industry Techno managers has become the new buzzword. They are not just techno-savy but have the expertise to make complex technical decisions involving products, processes and R&D. In this age of Super industrialization where industry has moved one step further from being 'manufacture oriented' to 'knowledge or technology oriented', managers ought to be technically sound apart from having managerial skills. The major recruiters of these neo techno-savy managers are IT services such as Infosys, Compaq, Wipro Corp, Oracle, followed by Process and Manufacturing sector as HLL and banks as HSBC and ICICI. This shows the latest trend in industry, which demands an integration of multidisciplines, technology and commerce. Even consultancies like 'the firm' McKinesy, KPMG, PwC, Cap Gemini E&Y are recruiting heavily from institutes like NITIE, an institute, which concentrates solely on integrating the duel concepts of engineering and management. KPMG has made maximum offers in the areas of MCS (Management Consultancy Services) & IRM (Information Risk Management) the strongest areas of Techno-managers.

Technology has revolutionized spheres like biotech, software, telecom, security, banking, transportation, entertainment etc. These fields have become technology driven and are innovating at a lightening speed. The theoretical and often practical knowledge, which the engineers have in these fields' help them make sound decisions in the economic and commercial aspects as they understand the finer nuances of the viability of technology better. For example, Vinod Khosla, partner at venture firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers was the driving force behind Cerent Corp., a telecommunications-equipment start-up. Mr. Khosla, an IIT Delhi cum Stanford product, conceived Cerent in late 16, recruited the first engineers, served as chief executive for 1-1/ years and, as chairman, shepherded Cerent to what is believed to be a record purchase by Cisco Systems Inc. for a $6. billion deal. The other venture he backed, the Internet portal Excite Inc, after they had been turned down by 8 other venture capitalists became a whopping success and recently Home Corp acquired it for $6.7 billion. This ability to foresee the viability of a technical project and its feasibility in the market is what set the Techno-managers apart from the others and makes them a favorite of consultancies.

The engineers are looking for enhancement of organizational, time management, and multitasking capabilities, which would enable them to take up more managerial responsibilities and move up in the corporate ladder faster. Certain engineering colleges like IIT Bombay have set up Entrepenurship Cells (EC) to help the students with their business plans and find venture capitalists. Efforts like these naturally kindle an interest among the students to turn towards management. In fact the exposure to management field for engineers starts quite early, during their graduate studies. Many technical institutes have included a few of the basic management courses in their curriculum such as industrial management, which includes engineering economy, project management and operations research.

Today's Entrepenurship is based on the technological concepts. On examining the winners of ii (ideas to implementation), the business plan competition held by IIM-C we could observe an emerging trend, the advent of technology-oriented concepts. The prize-winning proposal was the infotech business plan for The Drug Company to provide quality bio-infomatic algorithms to small pharmaceutical companies to aid in their quest of New Drug Development. The possibility of finding venture capitalists easily to fund their projects is one of the reasons why engineers are lured to MBA.B-schools provide veneues for the venture capitailsts to identify technologies with commercial potential and fund them. To lead these businesses the industry needs Super Specialists who can integrate multiple disciplines such as biotechnology, software, communication, automobile engineering etc and management

Despite a well paying job many engineers do an MBA for Value-addition. Apart from the course curriculum and the infra structure, the knowledge assimilated by the student while interacting with his peers is considered unparalleled education. Each business proposal and strategy put forward by the student is subjected to close scrutiny and appraisal by the peers. Consequently the techno-savy engineers get a chance to evaluate the commercial potentiality and practicability of their technologies. The leverage which techno-savy managers have is even in a depressed job market and downslided economy can do little to extinguish their spirit. In fact these adverse times usually prove to be a catalyst for them to come up with business proposals. Instead of waiting for a job to be provided to them, they can initiate projects. It is this dexterity that makes them vital.

Please note that this sample paper on Exodus of engineers to maangement field is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Exodus of engineers to maangement field, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Exodus of engineers to maangement field will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Parole

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June 8, 00

Parole Agent

This is to report that, was accepted as a resident at Diamond Street Sober Living Program on Tuesday, June , 00 and has agreed to comply with the following conditions that include, but are not limited to

·Attendance of a minimum of three () Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings per week.

·Additional attendance of two () mandatory house meetings per week

·Maintain full-time employment.

·Have a sponsor and work the 1 steps.

·Submit to random drug and alcohol testing upon request, with results provided by Redwood Toxicology.

It is our hopes that we might be able to somehow work in cooperation with the courts, and together further promote Karye's efforts to change her life and become a productive member of society.

Please feel free to contact either our resident manager or myself if you have any questions. It is our sincere desire to be of any support possible on Karye's behalf.

Respectfully,

Program Director

June 8, 00

Parole Agent

This is to report that was accepted as a resident at Diamond Street Sober Living Program on Tuesday, June , 00 and has agreed to comply with the following conditions that include, but are not limited to

·Attendance of a minimum of three () Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous meetings per week.

·Additional attendance of two () mandatory house meetings per week

·Maintain full-time employment.

·Have a sponsor and work the 1 steps.

·Submit to random drug and alcohol testing upon request, with results provided by Redwood Toxicology.

It is our hopes that we might be able to somehow work in cooperation with the courts, and together further promote Karye's efforts to change her life and become a productive member of society.

Please feel free to contact either our resident manager or myself if you have any questions. It is our sincere desire to be of any support possible on Karye's behalf.

Respectfully,

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An Outpost of Progress

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Joseph Conrad Tales of Unrest An Outpost of Progress

Inhalt

1.Zur Person Joseph Conrad ........................

.Scheitern der Zivilisation? ........................

.Bibliographie .............................................6

1. Zur Person Joseph Conrad

Joseph Conrad, der eigentlich Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski hieß, wurde am .1.1857 in Berdichev bei Kiew geboren. Mit 17 Jahren ging er nach Marseille, um Seemann zu werden. In den folgenden Jahren war er Matrose auf französischen und englischen Handelsschiffen und erwarb 1886 das Kapitänspatent. Im selben Jahr nahm er die englische Staatsbürgerschaft an. 184 beendete er seine Laufbahn als Seefahrer und veröffentlichte 185 seinen ersten Roman Almayers Folly A Story of an Eastern River. 188 Veröffentlichung der Tales of Unrest. Am .August 14 starb Joseph Conrad an einer Herzattacke.

. Scheitern der Zivilisation?

Da Joseph Conrad als Seefahrer selbst die Kolonialisierung miterlebt hat und unter Berücksichtigung der Zeitgeschichtlichen Gegebenheiten ist die Frage bedeutsam, ob das Scheitern der Handelsagenten als Kritik an der Kolonialisierung gesehen werden kann.

Zu Beginn sind Kayerts und Carlier, die beiden Handelsagenten, deren Namen auf eine belgische Herkunft schließen lassen, zufrieden mit ihrer Situation. Sie wollen sich ein ruhiges Leben auf der Handelsstation machen. We shall let life run easily here! (Conrad 5)

Dann kommen ihnen die ersten Zweifel an ihrer Entscheidung, sie rechtfertigen diese mit Begebenheiten, auf die sie keinen Einfluss gehabt haben.

Kayerts erklärt, dass er nur wegen seiner Tochter aus der Telegraphengesellschaft ausgeschieden ist, da er nur diese Möglichkeit sah eine Mitgift für sie zu verdienen. If it was not for my Melie, you wouldn't catch me here. (Conrad 60)

Carlier, der, nachdem er aus der Kavallerie entlassen wurde, von seiner Familie verstoßen wurde, war ebenfalls nicht völlig freiwillig in den Dienst der Kongo Gesellschaft getreten.

If I had a decent brother-in-law, Carlier would remark, a fellow with a heart, I would not be here. (Conrad 60)

Conrad macht hier deutlich, dass die Handelsagenten nur die ausführenden Organe eines großen Ganzen sind und sich nicht aus Überzeugung haben anwerben lassen.

Die Handelsagenten leben in ihrer eigenen kleinen Zivilisation, die nur aus ihnen selbst besteht. Conrad weist schon zu Beginn sehr direkt daraufhin, dass die beiden Handelsagenten nicht fähig sind, in dieser für sie fremden Umgebung zu existieren.

They were two perfectly insignificant and incapable individuals, whose existence is only rendered possible through the high organization of civilized crowds.

(Conrad 58)

Kontakt haben sie nur zu Makola, der die Führung des Lagerhauses inne hat und Gobila, dem Häuptling, der an die Handelsstation angrenzenden Dörfer. Sie haben eine sehr eingeschränkte Wahrnehmung, die sich nur auf das bezieht was sie wahrnehmen wollen. Ihre eigene, mitgebrachte, von ihnen hochgeschätzte Zivilisation, deren Verbreitung sie als ihr vornehmliches Ziel ansehen. Conrad findet dafür eine sehr passende Beschreibung

They lived like blind men in a large room, […] (Conrad 61)

Kayerts und Carlier bringen kein Verständnis für diese ihnen ungewohnte und neue Umgebung auf. Es ist ihnen nicht möglich, Zusammenhänge und Dinge, die ihnen nicht aus der Zivilisation bekannt sind, zu erfassen und zu bewerten. […] unable to see the general aspect of things. (Conrad 61)

Als Fremde auf das Handelsgelände kommen, sich mit Makola unterhalten, Kayerts und Carlier jedoch nicht verstehen, welche Sprache sie sprechen und woher sie kommen, wird ihnen das Ungewöhnliche zum ersten Mal bedrohlich. Es wird ihnen bewusst, dass sie am Ende der (zivilisierten-) Welt auf sich allein gestellt sind und niemand ihnen helfen kann.

They both, for the first time, became aware that they lived in conditions where the unusual may be dangerous, and that there was no power on earth outside of themselves to stand between them and the unusual (Conrad 65)

Makola unterbreitet Kayerts ein Angebot, dass er eine Möglichkeit wüsste von den Fremden Elfenbein zu kaufen. Zu Anfang zögert Kayerts, lässt sich dann aber von Makola dazu bewegen, dem Handel zuzustimmen, als dieser ausführlich darstellt, dass es nur im Interesse der Handelsstation sein kann, diesen Handel zu vollziehen.

Am nächsten Tag zeigt Makola Kayerts das Elfenbein, dass er für die Arbeiter bekommen hat, die er den Sklavenhändlern verkauft hat. Makola versteht es perfekt dieses nicht direkt und offen zu erklären. Er erklärt nur, dass es kein regulärer Handel war. No regular trade, said Makola. (Conrad 70)

Kayerts brüskiert sich über den Handel, was von Makola mit seiner gewohnten Gelassenheit beantwortet wird.

You very red, Mr Kayerts. If you are so irritable in the sun, you will get fever and die like the first chief! (Conrad 70)

Conrad setzt diese Szene in einen ironischen Rahmen, was die Hilflosigkeit von Kayerts deutlich macht. Einerseits fühlt er sich als zivilisierter Mensch, und als solcher verurteilt er den Sklavenhandel, andererseits hatte er dem Sklavenhandel zugestimmt. Es kommt zu einer Divergenz zwischen den inneren und äußeren Vorgängen bei den Handelsagenten. Kayerts und Carlier verurteilen den Sklavenhandel, kommen aber schließlich zu der Übereinkunft das sie dazu verpflichtet sind im Sinne der Handelsstation das Elfenbein in Besitz zu nehmen. Der Direktor soll dann darüber entscheiden, ob es rechtens war oder nicht. Sie selbst sehen sich nicht in der Lage, diese Entscheidung zu treffen, da sie einerseits an ihre Zivilisation glauben, die allerdings nur aus Fiktionen besteht, und gleichzeitig mit der Realität konfrontiert sind, in der es brutal zugeht. Conrad macht hier sehr deutlich, dass die Kolonisation nichts mit der heilen zivilisatorischen Sichtweise der Handelsagenten zu tun hat, sondern sich auch dem Sklavenhandel und anderer brutaler Vorgehensweisen bedient.

Es vergehen Wochen und Monate, sie bekommen keinen Besuch von Gobila und seinen Leuten, das Dampfschiff verspätet sich von Tag zu Tag. Conrad beschreibt sehr eindringlich die Situation der Handelsagenten und ihrer immer größer werdenden inneren Spannungen.

That was the root of the trouble! There was nobody there and being left there alone with their weakness, they became daily more like a pair of accomplices than like a couple of devoted friends. (Conrad 74)

Kayerts und Carlier fühlen sich einsam und auf sich selbst gestellt. Jeden Abend reden sie sich ein, dass am nächsten Tag das Dampfschiff kommen wird. Schließlich kommt es zum Streit zwischen den beiden Handelsagenten, in dessen Folge Carlier erschossen wird. Conrad treibt hier die Verdeutlichung der Sinnlosigkeit der Tätigkeiten der Handelsagenten auf die Spitze. Er lässt einen seiner Protagonisten durch eine Kugel aus einer Pistole, die von dem anderen Protagonisten abgefeuert wird, sterben. Die Zivilisation löscht sich selbst aus, es bedarf nicht einmal einer Einwirkung von außen.

Kayerts bleibt mit der Last, ein Sklavenhändler und Mörder zu sein, zurück. Er hadert mit seinem Schicksal. In diesem Moment trifft das Dampfschiff der Great Civilizing Company (Conrad 80) ein. Kayerts setzt genau in diesem Augenblick des lang ersehnten Ankommens des Dampfschiffes seinem Leben ein Ende. Conrad erklärt die Gründe für diesen Schritt nicht näher. Es ist nicht genau nachvollziehbar, warum Kayerts gerade in diesem Moment, wo er alles überstanden hat, seinem Leben ein Ende setzt. Conrad gestaltet das Ende sehr ironisch, indem Kayerts seinem Direktor die geschwollene Zunge entgegen streckt. Kayerts zeigt damit das er durchschaut hat, was der zivilisatorische Fortschritt in Wirklichkeit bedeutet.

And, irreverently, he was putting out a swollen tongue at his Managing Director. (Conrad 81)

Conrad äußert sich in An Outpost of Progress sehr kritisch gegenüber der Kolonialisierung und dem vermeintlichen verbreiten des Fortschritts. Er macht deutlich, dass es eigentlich nur um wirtschaftliche Interessen der Handelsgesellschaften geht, denen auch das Wohl ihrer eigenen Angestellten nicht wichtig erscheint. Conrad akzentuiert eine deutliche Kritik an der Kolonisation und deren Auswirkungen, sowohl derer die Kolonisation betreffenden als auch derer, die an der Ausführung der Kolonisation beteiligt sind.

. Bibliographie

Conrad, Joseph. An Outpost of Progress The Penguin Book of English Short Stories.

Ed. Christopher Dolley. London Penguin, 16. 56-80.

Curle, Richard. Joseph Conrad A Study. New York Russell & Russell, 168.

Reitz, Bernhard. Joseph Conrad An Outpost of Progress Interpretationen Englische Short

Stories von Thomas Hardy bis Graham Swift. Ed. Raimund Borgmeier. Stuttgart Reclam, 1. 0-4.

Stape, J.H., ed. The Cambridge Companion To Joseph Conrad. Cambridge Cambridge

University Press, 16.

Please note that this sample paper on An Outpost of Progress is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on An Outpost of Progress, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on An Outpost of Progress will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Discuss the reasons for Federation and the chief problems faced by those responsble for drafting the Australian Constitution. Do the sane problems face those wanting to introduce an Australian republic

If you order your custom term paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on discuss the reasons for Federation and the chief problems faced by those responsble for drafting the Australian Constitution. Do the sane problems face those wanting to introduce an Australian republic. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality discuss the reasons for Federation and the chief problems faced by those responsble for drafting the Australian Constitution. Do the sane problems face those wanting to introduce an Australian republic paper right on time.

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'THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN LEGAL INSTITUTION I HAVE STUDIEDPolitical and economic factors were the major reasons the federation of Australia was achieved.

The major political factor for federation was the need to create a strong united commonwealth that could defend its boundaries. The vastness of Australia made it vulnerable and so a strong army was needed to protect it. For example Western Australia has a very large coastline and its small population and economy could not protect the vast state. The defensive worries of the colonies were heightened by the expansionist policies of Germany and France in the Pacific. The colonies realised that a strong army and navy to protect their boundaries could only be achieved and financed through federation.

Economically the colonies saw that there were a lot of gains that could be achieved through the creation of a strong, united and powerful country. United the colonies could speak with one voice and this would give the colonies respect and stronger voice among the world powers. The colonies especially the industrialised eastern states wanted to protect their markets from cheap manufactured goods. The colonies were also worried about internal tariffs which they thought were very disruptive to trade.

The major difficulty that faced the founding fathers was drafting a constitution that would be acceptably to all the colonies so as to prevent any state from secession. The colonies at that time shared very little in terms of politics, economics and geography. This resulted in the colonies having conflicting interests and general mistrust.

The major political hurdle was the type of government that the new commonwealth government was to adopt. The strong and populous eastern estates (Victoria and New South Wales) wanted a strong Federal government but the weaker states distrusted this and feared that a strong federal government would be used the larger states to dominate them resulting in them becoming nothing more than an extension of the Victoria and NSW.

The colonies had reached different stages of development both politically and economically. Victoria and NSW had become industrialised while smaller states like Western Australia were still agriculturally based. This resulted in division over the question of tariffs. The eastern states wanted to abolish internal tariffs but impose high external tariffs to protect their industries from cheap overseas goods. On the other hand smaller states like WA which were agriculturally based were against this because this was going to affect their business. Also internal tariffs were a source of revenue for the smaller governments. Victoria and NSW had been independent for sometime now but WA had just got its independence and was going through a period of prosperity with the discovery of gold and so the people of the state saw no reason in giving away their new found autonomy and prosperity so early.

I don't think those who want to introduce an Australian republic will face the same problems. The major reason is that whereas the founding fathers were working from nothing and with little resources the republican movement has been in motion for sometime and they have many resources at their disposal. Despite the many setbacks and problems such as WA attempt to secede the Australian Federation has been a success. The two world wars, cold war era and now the threat of terrorism have strengthened the resolve to have a strong and united Commonwealth of Australia. Some of the difference that existed at the beginning of the 0th century such as geographical barriers have been reduced or no longer in existence. However this does not mean that the Republican movement will not face any challenges. One of the major challenges will be over the type of leader and government the country is going

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Frankenstein

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Frankenstein

I think Mary Shelley's view on young scientist trying to exert power over nature is obvious. I mean just by reading her book you can see how she feels maybe. I think she would think it wouldn't be a very good idea for a young man or whoever to try to achieve such a goal. I mean God created us. Everything so perfect. Who in their right mine would try to attempt to achieve such a thing? I think its great if a kid wants to study science and study all the scientist before his time. I think it's a positive thing if he tries to invite things noone had ever thought to before. That's how we have things today that people back in the day would never had dreamed of having. Technology has came so far since long days before us now. I think there has to be a line drawn though. Stop it at all the inventions and don't attempt to create a human being. It would probably cause a lot of pain to others like the way it did in the book Mary Shelley wrote, Frankenstein.

In the book Frankenstein, it showed Victor growing up reading all these ancient books. Isolating himself to the whole world. He got so wrapped up in what all he was reading and all the scientific knowledge. He seemed to miss out on the fun things in life. He made it to college, which is great, but he still isolated himself from everyone. He became so smart I think he was stupid in the attempt he was doing. I think deep down Victor thought he was doing the world a favor. Well attempting to build a person was a success. He turned in all his parts that he had gathered into a human being. Well it was a disaster. He had created a monster. It caused a lot of heartbreak. Not only for Victor and to others, but for the creature he created. I mean the creature awoke without anyone to take care of him. He didn't know he was ugly. He walked outside and got the worst looks and everyone chased him away calling him some monster. Victor had ran from him because he was ashamed. So the monster was all by himself. He also did not know how to talk or communicate. He found his own way of learning to talk through the family he ran into while he was searching for some food. But still he was by himself. He knew from his own experiences he wouldn't beable to confront them. So he learned through watching them through a crack next door. He had no food. He learned to eat others things humans would rather not eat. He had all this hatred in him, but could you blame him. He ended up finding Victor's journal in the coat he had put on back at the lab. So he learned where Victor lived and all about what Victor had done. Noone accepted the monster. All he wanted was to fit in and be loved. He figured out that Victor could create another creature such as himself so that he could be happy with the other creation. So he sought after Victor. One day in the woods he heard a kid playing and the kid went crazy over the monster. So the monster choked him trying to make the kid to calm down and ended up killing the kid. He killed the kid but underestimated his powers. He didn't want to cause any harm. All he knew was that if people saw him, he would get beaten or shot at. In away that death was Victor's fault. He should have never created such a thing. And since he did he should have done something about it. Well that's one death. Well that picture that was on the kid, the monster had put on the girl, Justine. So she was convicted on killing the little kid. She was a innocent little girl. Victor knew she was too and still never came forth. He didn't want anyone to know what he had done. Eventually Justine got the penalty and was sentenced to deaths. So there you have two innocent lives thrown away. All because of Victor Frankenstein. He was a scientist trying to exert power over nature. Well the monster finally meets up with Victor and asks him the least he could do is to create another life why the monster could be happy. That's all he wanted was to have someone else just like him to be happy. Victor did not agree with him on building a new life. He knew what he had done and how what he did caused so many horrible things. But it really wasn't the monster's fault. He didn't ask to be like he was. Victor had all of this on his shoulders, but it was his fault. He should have drawn the line, but he got caught up in his work. Well the monster told him he would be sorry if he did not help him. He would hurt someone he loved why Victor could feel some of the pain of the monster. Well on Victor's wedding night ad wasn't even with his wife upstairs, he was downstairs with a rifle waiting on the monster. The monster got up stairs somehow and strangled his wife, Elizabeth and killed her. So there was another innocent life killed do to Victor.

Bottom line I am trying to get across is, nothing good came out of what Victor did in creating the monster. He had plenty of tragedies that came in his life do to the creation he a created. He attempted what God did so perfect in creating life. He should have never gotten so caught up into science where he would think to do a certain thing or think he would beable to do a certain thing. So by the way Mary Shelley wrote this book I wouldn't think she would advise young scientists to exert power over nature. According to the book, the main character had plenty of pitfalls not only to him but to others around him.

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A comparison of the two poems, 'The Isles of Scilly' and 'At the British War Cemetery, Bayeux'

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The two poems express grieving for the dead, and both use similar language in some respects in their use of metaphors and language and are very emotional in their content in order to convey the feeling of grief for the large numbers of dead appropriately. Curiously, for two such emotional poems, they both bear very nonchalant and almost clinical titles, both simply naming the place that the poem is about which clearly in no way indicates the emotional content of the poem, seemingly fulfilling no real purpose other than to be strangely ironic.

In At the British war cemetery, Bayeux, Charles Causley writes about the 'five thousand' dead, buried at the cemetery that the title indicates. The poem has a very ordered structure echoing the structured and orderly lines upon lines of graves and gravestones at a war cemetery supported later by referring to the dead as in 'geometry' of sleep. Grigson's poem, however, is much less straightforward and uses a combination of enjambment and a general feeling of unorderliness in his layout of the poem to convey the feeling of untidiness about the weatherworn and shipwreck-scattered shores of the Scilly Isles.

Causley writes in first person, speaking, presumably as himself about his experience at the war cemetery in Bayeux. It has clearly had a profound impact on him and makes sure that he is writing about the dead themselves, referring to the graves as not just graves but 'their…graves'. He suggests that he feels guilty walking among them as a living person, because he has got life while they have not. He considers life as a possession that one can own and even give as a gift if he so wanted. In a biblical reference, he compares himself to Jesus walking among the five thousand, (which is, of course the number of dead he claims are buried there at the start of the poem) and holds the bread and fish from them in 'iron hands'. He is unable to distribute his gift, life, as Jesus was able to distribute the bread and fish among the five thousand in the bible, and he feels guilt for this.

He notices that the graves are under fir and chestnut trees, as well as being among lavender and marguerite; both typically English plants which 'forge' for him a sky which he considers to be English as beneath it everything is so English in essence.

The feeling that when he speaks, he is addressing the dead themselves is confirmed when he asks them to 'turn now' and rise to read their 'rank of snow' on their own tombstone, referring to the graves' snow-like appearance on the ground when viewing such a large number of the smart white tombstones.

Before leaving, the idea of his apparent guilt for having what the dead have not is revived when in the penultimate stanza he asks directly if he can bring them a gift before he leaves. In an imagined dialogue they answer, and ask him to first take that which they don't need; the oak and laurel, both symbols of triumph and victory, since victory is of no use to them when they are dead. In order to transform it into a gift, they instruct him also to take their 'fortune' of tears, implying the huge suffering which they went through, and to use all their 'gifts' to live well and in happiness like a 'spendthrift lover'. They do not seem unaware of what we see as the 'heroic' thing that they did in dying for their cause and for triumph; but by giving away the gifts, especially the symbols of victory, Causley imagines them as no longer interested in what they have achieved other than knowing it will help others, and are only concerned with regaining life, which of course they know is impossible. They ask of the poet 'the only gift you cannot give'; they both know it is impossible for him to give them back the life that they have lost but which he possesses, and the realisation of this is understandably saddening for the poet, and so he has made it the dead who ask for the life, who through empathy, understand that he cannot give it, rather than making it seem as if he were able to offer it but would not, through selfishness.

The Isles of Scilly, although similar in its general theme to Causley's poem, sets about creating the mourning for the dead through pathetic fallacy and symbols for the feelings and emotions, rather than using a human to describe mourning for the dead directly. He paints a very sombre picture of the Isles, which for him represent the 'dead hope' of the deceased who, unlike those in Causley's have not achieved their aim through death; rather they were sailing from Europe for a new life in America but were killed on the notoriously shipwreck-scattered coasts of the Isles of Scilly whereas the dead in Bayeux, although not meaning to die, collectively achieved their aim, and for that there is some hope left in the poem.

Using strong imagery from the start, he implies that the sea is red, stained, metaphorically speaking, with the blood of the dead, who now ironically lie 'safely' near the shore below the megaliths, symbolic of civilisation, which must have once existed on the island. Grigson, throughout the poem uses the colour red to symbolise death through the colour of blood and not necessarily by directly referring to the colour itself, but also through things which are red, and so this theme is repeated through the images we complete in our minds.

On one of the Islands, Samson, where he sets the poem, he sees the debris left by decades of wrecked ships and likens it to 'hearths', a word used to represent the centre and heart of the house, in this case ruined on the seashore, where hopes 'flickered' like fire, helps to convey the fact that the hopes were short lived and soon extinguished. The 'soot', the evidence and remains of these hopes; has been mostly removed by 'gale and rain and spray'; the weather also contributing to the imagery to convey the harsh and inhospitable nature of the Islands; infamous for their mercurial changes of weather extremes.

Despite the sometimes inhospitable nature of the islands, they are lush with plant life, albeit not native to the islands; the 'unfamiliar' pink lilies grow for the foreign dead, as well as red flowered and red wooded gums and ratas, once again adding to the blood-red imagery that runs throughout the poem. He also notices gulls and wild rabbits, yet not even these escape justification; both are black, seen as in mourning for the dead, for nothing it seems on the island is there if not to grieve the departed.

Juxtaposed to the more positive imagery of the flora and fauna, the theme of death in the poem is presented as the image of the 'sand-rubbed' skull of a dolphin, and a more disgusting one of 'rotting human eyes' in the seaweed. Cleverly, he does not say he has seen such a thing, only that he considers if such eyes exist, having died during a storm at night, they would never have seen the 'safety' of the daytime, or any of the positive things which the island does possess; gulls, 'cobalt sea' and 'holly', ironically symbolic of safety and protection, in the drift. After all, as he perceives all these as being in mourning for the dead, it would not be right for someone to see their own memorial.

Below these trees lies the broken figurehead from a wrecked ship, her eyes 'dry', he knows that she is unable to cry for those lost but attributes pathetic fallacy to he all the same. As the night draws in with its 'destroying fear', the island is transformed into the storm-plagued island which causes this destruction, looked upon by the rising moon which 'cannot care'. This notion that the moon is noticeably the only thing not mourning for the dead implies the comparative insignificance to anything so distant of the shattered hopes and lost lives that the remains on the island represent to him, and that he has so carefully written about.

Where Causley consoles himself in his belief that the dead understood his predicament through empathy, Grigson finds similar comfort in believing that when he sees something that for him reminds him of the dead, it is there for that very reason, and that the human feelings which he ascribes to inanimate and unintelligent objects which have survived on the island while those aboard the ships did not, is deliberate. He views the Islands themselves and everything that is on them as the memorial to the dead, where Causley considers the memorial of the dead in his poem to be not such a physical thing, but the legacy of the victory which they died to achieve, and the resulting freedom that such a triumph brought about.

Please note that this sample paper on A comparison of the two poems, 'The Isles of Scilly' and 'At the British War Cemetery, Bayeux' is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on A comparison of the two poems, 'The Isles of Scilly' and 'At the British War Cemetery, Bayeux', we are here to assist you. Your cheap custom college paper on A comparison of the two poems, 'The Isles of Scilly' and 'At the British War Cemetery, Bayeux' will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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