Darkness

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Theme and Setting in Heart of Darkness

Heart of Darkness is a novella that is one story being told by Marlow within the actual story by Joseph Conrad. The novella is set on a boat, the Nellie, on the Thames river in England, but the story that Marlow tells is set in the Belgian Congo. When relating the theme of this novella to the setting it has to be looked at from both the Thames and Congo rivers. Heart of Darkness shows the superiority of whites over blacks in a context where the blacks are considered to be savages and whites are supposed to be civilized.

Marlow is telling the story to his friends in the dark of night on the Thames river. As he begins the day is just ending in a serenity of still and exquisite brilliance. It is a very sombre and dull atmosphere and as the calmness begins to fade it becomes more profound. At one point Marlow stops and is interrupted by the unknown narrator who describes the setting on the Nellie. It had become so pitch dark that we listeners could hardly see one another. For a long time already he, sitting apart, had been no more to us than a voice....I listened, I listened on the watch for the sentence, for the word, that would give me the clew to the faint uneasiness inspired by this narrative that seemed to shape itself without human lips in the heavy nightair of the river.

As the story ends the setting on the Thames river is once again described by the unseen narrator. The offing was barred by a black bank of clouds, and the tranquil waterway leading to the uttermost ends of the earth flowed somber under an overcast sky-seemed to lead into the heart of an immense darkness.

The superiority of whites over blacks in the novella faces the harsh reality that the whites are there not to colonize the Congo but to conquer it. As Marlow puts it They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect. They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force-nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others. They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at blind-as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into too much. (Marlow)

In the novella the blacks are described at one point as helpers but, they are not really, they are treated more like slaves. The white men are corrupt and greedy in the Congo, as Marlow states when he is first entering the Congo. Ive seen the devil of violence, and the devil of greed, and the devil of hot desire; but, by all the stars! These were strong, lusty, red-eyed devils that swayed and drove men-men, I tell you. But as I stood on this hillside, I foresaw that in the blinding sunshine of that land I would become acquainted with a flabby, pretending, weak-eyed devil of a rapacious and pitiless folly. (Marlow)

The whites enter the jungle thinking it must be tamed and that its savage, dark natives must become civilized. The white man=s uneasy and disconcerted relations with the barbarism of Africa only makes things worse for the natives. The natives have a relationship with nature where things are still pure and innocent, where they are not exposed to the corruption of the civilized world. The white men conform some natives to live by rules and these natives help to enslave the others. This creates unhappiness and degradation of the blacks where they tend to retreat to the forest to die. Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth, half coming out, half effaced within the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair....And this was the place where some of the helpers had withdrawn to die.(Marlow)

The ivory trade in the Congo is very dark and obscure, no one really knows how Kurtz=s gets the ivory he does. Marlow describes Kurtz face just before his death I saw on that ivory face the expression of somber pride, of ruthless power, of craven terror-of an intense and hopeless despair. Both Kurtz and Marlow found a dark heart of Africa with primeval power that forced them to look at the darkness, hate, fear and evil within themselves. They saw that the white men were not really bringing progress to the darkest Africa but they were deteriorating their own morale

The blacks in Heart of Darkness have no personal traits or uniqueness, there is no humanity in their characters. Their appearance is never really described the only thing Marlow says about them is that they are black, no details, Black shapes...black bones...black neck,. But the whites in the novella are described in more detail such as the way Marlow describes the manager, Kurtz, and the girl. I met a white man, in such an unexpected elegance of get-up that in the first moment I took him for a sort of vision. I saw high starched collar, white cuffs, a light alpaca jacket, snowy trousers, a clean necktie, and varnished bots. No hat. Hair parted, brushed, oiled, under a green-lined parasol held in a big white hand.(Marlow describing the manager)

As Marlow puts it the whites in the Congo are in a lightless region of subtle horror, where pure, uncomplicated savagery was a positive relief,. The white men have no escape from the darkness as Kurtz realized a he spoke his last words, The horror! The horror!, but the blacks can retreat back to their way of life of helpless savages instead of being unhappy slaves. The theme of Heart of Darkness is evil and mysterious, we never really know how the whites over power the blacks. The theme is very suited to the setting, both have the image of darkness. The theme and setting are a harsh reality in the Congo where everything is dark in some way, whether it be the darkness of the blacks skin, the dark evilness of the whites or the gloominess of the environment. The theme where the whites have supremacy over the blacks is evil and very dark goes along with the dull and dreary setting, neither has any life to it. The environment is dark and lifeless and the blacks have no freedom due to the manipulation by the whites men.

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