Animal Nutrition

If you order your cheap custom essays from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Animal Nutrition. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Animal Nutrition paper right on time.

Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Animal Nutrition, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Animal Nutrition paper at affordable prices with cheap essay writing service!

Omnivores, carnivores and herbivores all have differences in their feeding modes, and these differences are particularly seen in the jaw structure, muscles, dentition and gut of an animal. In this essay I will cover three different animals of mammalian nature.

The jaw structure of an animal plays a vital part in determining its eating habits. In an herbivore, the jaw is relatively long and tends to have a diastema, or toothless space. This is seen in a giraffe, they have a long lower jaw but no teeth at the front of it. Instead it uses a 46-centimetre tongue to wrap around the food and pull off the high branches of a tree. A giraffe is known as a ruminant, which means that they chew their food and swallow it, then regurgitate it back up again to chew some more, and repeat this many times, while being processed through it's four stomachs. They do this to break down the food as much as possible using the enzymes found in their saliva.

A carnivore, such as a lion, however, has a smaller jaw, but is hinged to open wider for large amounts of meat. They also have a small, or no diastema. The jaw of a carnivore allows for a large mouth capacity and they have no need to ruminate, because they do not have to break down cellulose, as it is protein that is found in animal meat. As a result, they tend not to chew very much, just swallow.

Omnivores are generally a mixture of both the herbivore and the carnivore. Humans are a good example of an omnivore. Their jaw is quite small but can open quite wide if needed, but humans chew before they swallow, and they do not need to ruminate.

There are two main muscles that are used in the biting and chewing of food in animals. These are the temporalis muscle, which is used for the biting (closing jaws quickly), and the masseter muscle, which is used for the chewing (helps to stabilise the jaw).

In all herbivores, the masseter muscle is a lot larger than the temporalis muscle, as biting is less important for an herbivore. This is because their food is usually not very tough to pull off a plant, so they do not need to viciously attack it to retrieve their source of food. Giraffes have very strong chewing muscles but relatively small biting muscles.

However, in a carnivore, the opposite is true. The temporalis muscle is larger than the masseter muscle because they need a fast, sharp and hard bite to bring down their prey. Lions bite their prey at the back of the neck to kill them quickly and easily with their sharp teeth before consuming all except the stomach of the dead animal.

Omnivores, like humans, have a pretty equal ratio between the temporalis and masseter muscles, so that biting and chewing play equal roles in an omnivore's diet.

An animal's dentition is dependant on the food that it eats. There are four main types of teeth an animal can have. They are the molars, pre-molars, canines and incisors, each with a different purpose. As a result, some of these are absent in different types of animals.

Giraffes do not have canines, but they do have a number of flat molars and pre-molars, which it uses to grind the plant material from its diet of mainly leaves. Sometimes they will have incisors to tear the leaves before chewing them. Some herbivores do have canines but they are generally used for show (primarily in the male of the species) or they can be used for breaking open nuts and fruit of plants for food sources.

In carnivores, they have small incisors for tearing, very large canines for ripping the meat of their prey and sharp pointed premolars and carnassials (modified molars with sharp points) to grind the meat further. In a lion, the lower canines are closer together than the upper canines, and the upper canines are the more powerful as the temporalis muscle controls them more than it does with the lower canines. We see that the teeth are designed for grinding meat into pieces that can be swallowed almost whole when ripped off the prey of the lion.

Most omnivores have a combination of all the types of teeth that are found in most animals. An adult human has eight incisors for tearing food, four canines for ripping food apart, eight pre-molars to grind some food, and twelve molars that are also used to grind the food that humans eat. The pre-molars and molars are large compared to the others and quite flat, whereas the canines are quite pointed and the incisors are flat but thin.

The type of food that an animal eats depends on the length and type of gut that the animal has. Some have a short gut because they do not need to break down certain substances, while others have longer guts because of the substances that take time to break down.

Herbivores are known to have fairly long guts for the cellulose in plant material to be broken down and utilised completely. In an herbivore like a giraffe, they have four stomachs that comprise around seventy percent of the total gut size. This kind of herbivore is known as a foregut digestion herbivore, and most of the digestion is done in the beginning of the gut. The pH of the stomachs is between five and seven, and along with the enzymes in the saliva, this is where most of the plant material is broken down. The small intestine of the giraffe is approximately ten to twelve times its body length and is quite thin. The caecum is not particularly long as it has done most of the digestion already and the colon (large intestine) is also not too long. Another type is the hindgut herbivore (like a rabbit) where most of the digestion occurs in the caecum and colon using fermentation to break down the food.

Carnivores have a relatively small gut length as they do not have the same need as the herbivores to break down cellulose. They just need to break down the protein found in the meat that they consume. The stomach capacity of a carnivore is about 60 to 70 percent of the total gut size and it has a pH of 1 or less. This is because the enzyme pepsin, which breaks down proteins, needs a low pH to be at its optimum. The small intestine is not that long (about three to six times the body length) but it is quite wide compared to the herbivore and omnivore. In a lion the caecum is possibly poorly developed or it may be absent altogether, and the large intestine is very short and simple.

In a human the stomach is only 0 to 0 percent of the total gut size, though it may be greater in some other omnivores. The pH of a human stomach is about two. The small intestine is ten to eleven times the body length of a human and some absorption occurs here. The most absorption of water occurs in the colon, which is relatively long and wide, and some bacteria fermentation occurs here for any plant material that is not broken down. The caecum of a human is poorly developed and they have an appendix, which the purpose of is not known as of yet.

When deciding whether an animal is a carnivore, herbivore or omnivore, there are a number of different factors that can be looked at to decide, without actually knowing its diet at that stage. Some of these factors are the jaw structure of the animal, the muscles sizes of the animal, the dentition of it, and what kind of gut system it has. We can see that herbivores are usually the opposite of carnivores, and that omnivores are a mixture of the two, this is especially seen when we compare the dentition and gut systems of the three.

Please note that this sample paper on Animal Nutrition is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Animal Nutrition, we are here to assist you. Your cheap research papers on Animal Nutrition will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

Order your authentic assignment from cheap essay writing service and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!