Renissance Arists

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Review of Renaissance Artists

Basic ideaHow the church was the center of European life during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Philosophy of IdeasvCathedral was the center of community lifevOriginally worked for their after life and then switched to living here and now

The ArtsvPaintings were done on walls, wood, and illustrations in booksvSculptures done on wood and stone; mainly religious scenes, symbols, and personsvCathedrals were the crowning achievements of medieval art

Components that make up musical style like RhythmvNo system of notating rhythms existedvDeveloped a notation based on two note valuesvSteady beat, free in rhythmvEach part had its own style of accentsvNo bar linesvPolyatomic parts had personal rhythms and flexibilities

MelodyvScales emphasized the first and fifth tones which led to the modern scale system of todayvChurch chants developedvRange never went over an octavevMainly moved by stepsvAs time passed, things changed, such as raising or lowering some tones by a half step, creating chromatic tonesvStarted to become more complex, range was extended as well as the use of leaps, and use of the chromatic tones

Harmony and CounterpointvFrom 00-100 polyphonic texture was popularvOnce in a while the two parts moved together (punctus contra punctum counterpoint) At other times one voice sang a long-tone melody while the other sang a rapid series of notesvAdded a third part then more and more parts were added making the polyphony becoming more complex and differingvBegan to use a combination of voices and instruments

Tone ColorvLimited to a low drone, so this was probably common soundvNasal sound in both voices and instrumentsvColorful much like the costumes were to the eyevUnification became preferred so a basically uniform tone color with high and low notes formed

FormvDetermined by the textvMelodies followed the natural flow of the wordsvDominant form was the music for the Catholic Church with five sectionsvUsed both polyphonic and homophonic texturesvDuple and some triple meter became popularvInstrumental music developed because of better manufacturing styles and a collection of more music

ComposerMachaut, Guillaume de

Brief biographical sketchBorn 100 in Reams, ChampagneDied c.177A great part of his life was spent in the service of John of Luxemburg, King of Bohemia. He was both a composer and a poet. Three quarters of his work still in use are unaccompanied poetry.

Why was this composer important in music history?His approach to music was abstract, which manifested itself in the mathematical basis of consonance and dissonance. He also influenced the isorhythmic principle, in the levels of rhythmic layers, and in the number of manuscripts of motets.

What special contribution did he/she make to the art?He was the first person to use isorhythmic where the melody line is repeated and all of the sudden is paused.

Why is their music still being performed today?Because of the sound and unique structure of how it was written. The layered of rhythmic lavers is the first written.

List the composers most important worksMesse de Notre Dame (Mass of Our Lady)Hoquetus David

Major Visual Artists in Guillaume de Machaut's life (100-177)vGiotto (166-17)vJan van Eyck (ca. 170-ca. 1440)

Major People in Literature During Guillaume de Machaut's life (100-177)vDante (165-11)vBoccacio (11-175)vChaurcer (ca. 140-1400)

Major Historical Figures During Guillaume de Machaut's life (100-177)vMarco Pollo (154-14) explorer

ComposerGuillaume Dufay

Brief biographical sketchBorn c.1400 in Cambri, FranceDied November 7, 1474The majority of his life was in Cambri. He joined a choir with fifteen to twenty other members originally. As the years passed, members, including Dufay, moved to other choirs for money and other such reasons. Guillaume Dufay was achieve figure of music schools because of his completion of education as a choir master as well as being very well-educated in most aspects of music.

Why was this composer important in music history?His attempt to move towards a clearly defined tonal and functional harmonic structure helped prepare one of the most important stylistic developments of the following century. Dufay changed music in such ways as paths toward modern day harmonies, use of third intervals, and new structures of staffs. Changed chants to harmonies.

What special contribution did he/she make to the art?His contributions to the development of faux-bourdon and the cyclic mass are of unique interest. He was one of the first composers to manage four-voice texture with any kind of reliable skill before the end of the 15th century. Dufay wrote many types of music including dramatic cycles, cyclic masses, isorhythmic motets, and simply ornamented hymns. First to write music for instruments.

Why is their music still being performed today?Dufay's works are known as the supremely polished works of a long period of a slow and stylistic change.

List the composers most important worksEcclesiae militantsMissa Sancti JacobiSupremum est mortalibus bonumSe la face ay paleEcce ancilla DominiL'hoome armeAce regina caelorum

Major Visual Artists During Guillaume Dufay's life (Ca. 1400-1474)vJan van Eyck (ca. 170-ca. 1440)vDonatello (186-1466)vLucca della Robbia (ca. 1400-148)vAntonio Pollaiuolo (14-148)vGiovanni Bellini (ca. 140-1516)vAndrea del Verrocchio (145-1488)vSandro Optically (ca. 1444-1510)vHeironymus Bosch (ca. 1450-1560)vLeonardo da Vinci (145-151)vAlbrecht Dürer (1471-158)

Major People in Literature in Guillaume Dufay's life (1400-1474)vChaucer (ca. 140-1400)vMachiavelli (146-157)

Major Historic Figures During Guillaume Dufay's life (1400-1474)vGutenberg(18-1468) printing pressvColumbus (1446-1506) explorervJohn Cabot (1450-148) explorervErasmus (1466-156) philosophervVasco da Gama (146-157) political philosophervCopernicus (147-154) astronomer

ComposerJosquin Des Prez

Brief biographical sketchBorn 1440Died 151Spent most of his life in various Italian cities. Traveled and spread the Northern polyphonic style.

Why was this composer important in music history?Josquin's primary concern is with the direct expression of texts, and it is this humanistic quality that set the stage for the main portion of Renaissance and Baroque music.

What special contribution did he/she make to the art?Spread the northern polyphonic style. Four voices in his music. Combined piety, technical mastery, and individual discretion.

Why is their music still being performed today?Because they are long, comprising masses, motets, and secular songs. His style is marked by the technique of pervasive imitation, in which several vocal parts share material in a subtle connecting way.

List the composer's most important works.Missa Pange LinguaMilles RegretzNimphes des boisAve Maria gratia plenaMiserere mei DeusDe profundis clamavi

Major Visual Artists During Josquin des Pres' life (1450-151)vDonatello (186-1466)vLucca della Robbia (ca. 1400-148)vAntonio Pollaiuolo (14-148)vGiovanni Bellini (ca. 140-1516)vAndrea del Verrocchio (145-1488)vSandro Botticelli (ca. 1444-1510)vHeironymus Bosch (ca. 1450-1560)vLeonardo da Vinci (145-151)vAlbrecht Dürer (1471-158)vMichelangelo (1475-1564)vTitian (1477-1576)vRaphael (148-150)vMatthias Grunewald (1485-150)vAndrea del Sarto (1486-151)vBevenuto Cellini (1500-1571)vTintoretto (1518-154)

Major People in Literature During Josquin des Pres' life (1450-151)vRabelias (ca. 140-155)

Major Historical Figures During Josquin des Pres' life (1450-151)vGutenberg (18-1468) printing pressvColumbus (1446-1506) explorervJohn Cabot (1450-148) explorervCopernicus (147-154) astronomervBalboa (1475-1517) explorervSir Thomas More (155) statesmanvFerdinand Magellan (ca. 1480-151), explorervMartin Luther (148-1546) Protestant ReformationvHernando Cortes (1485-1547) explorervHernando de Soto (1500-154) explorer

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